Nonnegativity constraints for structured complete systems
General harmonic expansions, frames (42C15) Summability and bases; functional analytic aspects of frames in Banach and Hilbert spaces (46B15) Spaces of measurable functions ((L^p)-spaces, Orlicz spaces, Köthe function spaces, Lorentz spaces, rearrangement invariant spaces, ideal spaces, etc.) (46E30)
The main results of the paper show that pointwise nonnegativity is an obstruction to unconditional basis and frames in \(L^p[0,1].\) More precisely, fix \(1 < p < \infty\) and let \(\frac{1}{p}+\frac{1}{q} = 1\). Suppose that \(\left\{f_n\right\}_{n=1}^\infty\subset L^p[0,1]\) and \(\left\{g_n\right\}_{n=1}^\infty\subset L^q[0,1]\) satisfy NEWLINE\[NEWLINE A\|g\|_q^q \leq \int_0^1\biggl(\sum_{n=1}^\infty|\left<g,f_n\right>|^2 |g_n(t)|^2\biggr)^\frac{q}{2}\;dt \leq B\|g\|_q^q\;\;\forall g\in L^q[0,1] NEWLINE\]NEWLINE for some constants \(0 < A\leq B < \infty.\) Then \(f_n\) cannot be a.e. nonnegative for each \(n\geq 1\). This is the content of Theorem 4.1. As a consequence, for \(1 < p < \infty\) there does not exist any unconditional basis for \(L^p[0,1]\) consisting of nonnegative a.e. functions. Nor is there any frame for \(L^2[0,1]\) formed by nonnegative functions. These results are generalized in Section 5, were the nonexistence of a nonnegative unconditional quasibases for \(L^p[0,1]\) is proved. The paper also presents examples of Markushevich or conditional quasibasis for \(L^p[0,1]\) consisting of pointwise nonnegative functions. The obtained results are easily extended to \(L^p({\mathbb R})\).
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