Normal forms for CR singular codimension-two Levi-flat submanifolds

DOI10.2140/PJM.2015.275.115MaRDI QIDQ2346692zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Xianghong Gong, Jiri Lebl

Publication date 3 June 2015

Published in Pacific Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1403.0558

zbMATH Keywords

CR singular pointsLevi-flat submanifoldsnormal form

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Real submanifolds in complex manifolds (32V40) Foliations (differential geometric aspects) (53C12)

Abstract: Real-analytic Levi-flat codimension two CR singular submanifolds are a natural generalization to ${mathbbC}^m$, $m>2$, of Bishop surfaces in ${mathbbC}^2$. Such submanifolds for example arise as zero sets of mixed-holomorphic equations with one variable antiholomorphic. We classify the codimension two Levi-flat CR singular quadrics, and we notice that new types of submanifolds arise in dimension 3 or greater. In fact, the nondegenerate submanifolds, i.e. higher order purturbations of $$, have no analogue in dimension 2. We prove that the Levi-foliation extends through the singularity in the real-analytic nondegenerate case. Furthermore, we prove that the quadric is a (convergent) normal form for a natural large class of such submanifolds, and we compute its automorphism group. In general, we find a formal normal form in ${mathbbC}^3$ in the nondegenerate case that shows infinitely many formal invariants.

Review text

The authors consider Levi-flat codimension-two real submanifolds \(M\) of \(\mathbb{C}^{n+1}\) (for \(n\geq{2}\)) at CR-singular points, i.e., those at which the tangent space is complex. They make the assumption that the complex tangent is nondegenerate: This means that in any local holomorphic coordinates centered at the singular point, for which \(M=\{w=\rho(z,\bar{z})\}\), the non-holomorphic quadratic part \(A(z,\bar{z}){+}B(\bar{z},\bar{z})\) of \(\rho\) does not vanish. After classifying the CR singular codimension-two quadrics into three different classes \(A.i,B.\gamma,C.j,\) for \(1{\leq}{i}\leq{n},\) \(\gamma{\geq}{0},\) \(j{=}0,1,\) they show that these types describe local biholomorphic invariants in the case where \(M\) is real-analytic. Type \(C.j\) corresponds to the canonical form \(M=\{w=\bar{z}_1z_2+j\cdot\bar{z}_1^2+0(3)\}\) and \(C.1\) is called \textit{nondegenerate}. In this cases it is shown that the Levi foliation of the part of \(M\) which is not CR-singular extends through the singular point. A natural way to produce Levi-flat examples is to consider zero sets of \(w=f(z_1,\bar{z}_1,z_2,\dots,z_n)\) for an \(f\) which is a holomorphic function of \(n{+}1\) variables, vanishing to the second order at \(0.\) It is shown that a large class of \(C.1\) manifolds of this form are locally biholomorphic to the corresponding quadric. For \(M\subset\mathbb{C}^3,\) a normal form for \(M\) is described in the nondegenerate case, showing that there are infinitely many formal invariants.

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Cited in

(17)

• On normal forms of complex points of codimension 2 submanifolds
• Flattening a non-degenerate CR singular point of real codimension two
• Convergence of the Chern-Moser-Beloshapka normal forms
• Local normal forms of singular Levi-flat hypersurfaces
• Geometric and analytic problems for a real submanifold in \(\mathbb{C}^n\) with CR singularities
• Codimension two CR singular submanifolds and extensions of CR functions
• A CR singular analogue of Severi's theorem
• A Codimension Two CR Singular Submanifold That Is Formally Equivalent to a Symmetric Quadric
• A normal form for a real 2-codimensional submanifold in \(\mathbb C^{N+1}\) near a CR singularity
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1515432 (Why is no real title available?)
• On Lewy extension for smooth hypersurfaces in ℂⁿ×ℝ
• On CR singular CR images
• Flattening of CR singular points and analyticity of the local hull of holomorphy. II.
• Normal forms of Levi-flat hypersurfaces with Arnold type singularities
• Normal forms and degenerate CR singularities
• Real submanifolds of \(\mathbf{C}^2\) with singularities
• On Levi-flat hypersurfaces with singularities on a manifold boundary

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