On normal forms of singular Levi-flat real analytic hypersurfaces

Abstract: Let

F (z) = m a t h c a l R e (P (z)) + h . o . t

be such that

M = (F = 0)

defines a germ of real analytic Levi-flat at

0 i n m a t h b b C^{n}

,

n g e q 2

, where

P (z)

is a homogeneous polynomial of degree

k

with an isolated singularity at

0 i n m a t h b b C^{n}

and Milnor number

m u

. We prove that there exists a holomorphic change of coordinate

p h i

such that

p h i (M) = (m a t h c a l R e (h) = 0)

where

h (z)

is a polynomial of degree

m u + 1

and

j_{0}^{k} (h) = P

.

Review text

A classical theorem due to E. Cartan states that a real analytic smooth Levi-flat hypersurface \(M\) in \(\mathbb{C}^{n}\) is locally biholomorphic to a hypersurface of the form \(\{\mathcal{R}e(z_{1})=0\}\). \textit{D. Burns} and \textit{X. Gong} [Am. J. Math. 121, No.~1, 23--53 (1999; Zbl 0931.32009)] proved that, if \(M=F^{-1}(0)\) is Levi-flat, where \(F:(\mathbb{C}^{n},0)\rightarrow(\mathbb{R},0)\), \(n\geq 2\), is a germ of real analytic function such that \[ F(z_{1},\dots,z_{n})=\mathcal{R}e(z_{1}^{2}+\dots+z_{n}^{2})+h.o.t, \] then \(M\) is locally biholomorphic to a hypersurface of the form \(\{\mathcal{R}e(z_{1}^{2}+\dots+z_{n}^{2})=0\}\). In the paper under review, the author exhibits similar normal forms in a situation more general. More precisely, the author proves that, if \[ F(z)=\mathcal{R}e(P(z)) + h.o.t, \] such that \(M=F^{-1}(0)\), where \(F: (\mathbb C^n,0)\to(\mathbb R,0)\) is a germ of real analytic functions, is Levi-flat at \(0\in\mathbb{C}^{n}\), \(n\geq{2}\), where \(P(z)\) is a homogeneous polynomial of degree \(k\) with an isolated singularity at \(0\in\mathbb{C}^{n}\) and Milnor number \(\mu\), then there exists a holomorphic change of coordinates \(\phi\) such that \(\phi(M)=\{\mathcal{R}e(h)=0\}\), where \(h(z)\) is a polynomial of degree \(\mu+1\) and \(j^{k}_{0}(h)=P\). The idea of the proof is to study the singular set of the complexification of the Levi \(1\)-form and to apply a result of \textit{D. Cerveau} and \textit{A. Lins Neto} [Am. J. Math. 133, No.~3, 677--716 (2011; Zbl 1225.32038)]. The result follows from a generalization of the Morse lemma.

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