Normal forms of piecewise-smooth monodromic systems

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Consider a piecewise-smooth system\N\[\N\begin{pmatrix} \dot{x} \\ \dot{y} \end{pmatrix} = \begin{cases} (X^+(x,y), Y^+(x,y)) \quad \text{if } y>0, \\\N(X^-(x,y), Y^-(x,y)) \quad \text{if } y<0, \end{cases}\N\]\Nwhere \(X^{\pm}\), \(Y^{\pm}\) are real analytic functions. A piecewise-smooth system is called a piecewise-smooth \textit{monodromic} system if it has a monodromic singular point \(O\), i.e., no orbits approaching \(O\) in a definite direction as \(t \longrightarrow \pm \infty\). An important problem for a monodromic system is to study its Liapunov constants. To do this, a good strategy is to use normal forms, but in piecewise-smooth systems, one encounters the difficulty of ensuring the near-identity transformation, constructed piecewise, is homeomorphic on the switching boundary. The authors solve this difficulty in some cases and provide the computation of the first nonzero Liapunov constant for their cases. The authors apply their results to some general families of systems.



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