Normal singular geodesics of a conformally generic sub-Riemannian metric
The set of normal minimizing geodesics and the set of singular minimizing geodesics of a sub-Riemannian structure \((\mathcal{D},g)\) on a manifold \(M\) may overlap. While \textit{R. Montgomery} [A tour of subriemannian geometries, their geodesics and applications. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (2002; Zbl 1044.53022)] identified instances of this overlap in the Martinet distribution with a flat metric, he conjectured that for a generic metric, the intersection of normal and singular geodesics is empty. This paper proves Montgomery's conjecture for the specific case of real-analytic sub-Riemannian manifolds where the distribution \(\mathcal{D}\) has co-rank 1.\N\NThe author considers a real-analytic manifold \(M\) of dimension \(n \geq 3\) equipped with a totally non-holonomic real-analytic distribution \(\mathcal{D} \subset T M\) of rank \(m\in\{1,2,\cdots,n-1\}\). Let \(H: T^* M \rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) be a \(\mathcal{D}\)-Hamiltonian. (\(H\) is defined such that it is invariant under translation by the annihilator \(\mathcal{D}_q^{\perp}:=\{p\in T^*_qM\colon p(v)=0\) for all \(v\in \mathcal{D}_q\}\) of \(\mathcal{D}_q\) and \(\partial_{p p}^2 H(q, p)\) is strictly positive-definite for all \((q, p) \in T^* M / \mathcal{D}^{\perp}\).)\N\NThe main result establishes that for a fixed \(\mathcal{D}\)-Hamiltonian \(H\), there exists a \(G_\delta\) dense subset \(\mathcal{G} \subset C^\omega(M)\) (with respect to the \(C^{\infty}\) Whitney topology) such that for each \(u \in \mathcal{G}\), if \((Q(t), P(t))\) is a non-trivial orbit of the perturbed Hamiltonian \(H+u\), then \(Q(t)\) is not a minimal rank \(\mathcal{D}\)-singular curve.\N\NAs a corollary, the author addresses the co-rank 1 case. Assume \(\mathcal{D}\) is a totally non-holonomic, real-analytic, co-rank 1 distribution over a real-analytic manifold \(M\) of dimension \(n \geqslant 3\). The author proves that for a given real-analytic \(\mathcal{D}\)-Hamiltonian \(H\), there exists a \(G_\delta\) dense subset \(\mathcal{G} \subset C^\omega(M)\) such that the canonical projection of every non-trivial orbit of \(H+u\) (where \(u \in \mathcal{G}\) ) is a \(\mathcal{D}\)-regular curve.
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