Normality for monoid monomorphisms

DOI10.1016/J.INDAG.2023.03.007MaRDI QIDQ6057045zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Nelson Martins-Ferreira, Manuela Sobral

Publication date 25 October 2023

Published in Indagationes Mathematicae. New Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03490

zbMATH Keywords

clots internal binary relations normal subobjects positive cones syntactic relations zero-classes

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Ordered semigroups and monoids (06F05) Epimorphisms, monomorphisms, special classes of morphisms, null morphisms (18A20) Special properties of functors (faithful, full, etc.) (18A22) Adjoint functors (universal constructions, reflective subcategories, Kan extensions, etc.) (18A40) Semigroups of transformations, relations, partitions, etc. (20M20) Connections of semigroups with homological algebra and category theory (20M50) Semigroups (20M99)

Abstract: In the category of monoids we characterize monomorphisms that are normal, in an appropriate sense, to internal reflexive relations, preorders or equivalence relations. The zero-classes of such internal relations are first described in terms of convenient syntactic relations associated to them and then through the adjunctions associated with the corresponding normalization functors. The largest categorical equivalences induced by these adjunctions provide an equivalence between the categories of relations generated by their zero-classes and the ones of monomorphisms that we suggest to call {normal with respect to} the internal relations considered. This idea, although being transverse to the literature in the field, has not in our opinion been presented and explored in full generality. The existence of adjoints to the normalization functors permits developing a theory of normal monomorphisms, thus extending many results from groups and protomodular categories to monoids and unital categories.

Review text

\textit{A clot, a positive cone} and a \textit{normal subobject} of a monoid are defined as the zero-class of an internal reflexive relation, of a preorder or of a congruence, respectively. For a category \(\mathcal R\), a \textit{normal monomorphism} with respect to \(\mathcal R\) as well as the normalization functor \(N\colon {\mathcal R} \to \) \textbf{Mono(C)}, where \textbf{C} is a certain category, are defined. It is proved that if \textbf{C} is a pointed, well-povered and finitely complete category with arbitrary intersections and \(\mathcal R\) a pullback stable full subcategory of the one of internal relations on \textbf{C} closed under arbitrary intersections, then the normalization functor \(N\colon {\mathcal R} \to \) \textbf{Mono(C)} has a left adjoint \(F\colon\) \textbf{Mono(C)}\(\to \mathcal R\). Several equivalent conditions for a monoid monomorphism \(m\colon M\to A\) to be a normal subobject (a positive cone, a clot, respectively) are derived (here \(m(M)\) is identified with \(M\)). For example, a monoid monomorphism \(m\colon M\to A\) is a normal subobject (a positive cone, a clot, respectively) if and only if for every \(x,y\in A\) and every \(u\in M\), \(xy\in M \iff xuy\in M\) (\(xy\in M \Rightarrow xuy\in M; xy=1\Rightarrow xuy\in M\), respectively). Eleven examples were constructed to illustrate different aspects of the topics covered.

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Normal submonoids and congruences on a monoid

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