Normalization flow

DOI10.1134/S1560354723040160MaRDI QIDQ6069643zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 14 November 2023

Published in Regular and Chaotic Dynamics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.02992

Hamiltonian systems normal forms small divisors

Transformation and reduction of ordinary differential equations and systems, normal forms (34C20) Perturbations of finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems, normal forms, small divisors, KAM theory, Arnol'd diffusion (37J40)

Abstract: We propose a new approach to the theory of normal forms for Hamiltonian systems near a non-resonant elliptic singular point. We consider the space of all Hamiltonian functions with such an equilibrium position at the origin and construct a differential equation in this space. Solutions of this equation move Hamiltonian functions towards their normal forms. Shifts along the flow of this equation correspond to canonical coordinate changes. So, we have a continuous normalization procedure. The formal aspect of the theory presents no difficulties. The analytic aspect and the problems of convergence of series are as usual non-trivial.

Review text

The author proposes a continuous normalization for Hamiltonian systems near a nonresonant elliptic singular point. The system under consideration has the following form: \[\dot{z} = i \partial_{\bar{z}} \hat{H} , \qquad \dot{\bar{z}} = -i \partial_{\bar{z}} \hat{H},\] with \( \hat{H} = \hat{H} (z, \bar{z})\), where \( z = (z_1,\dots, z_n)\) and \(\bar{z} = (\bar{z_1}, \dots, \bar{z_n})\) are independent coordinates on \(\mathbb{C}^{2n}\). The Hamiltonian function has the form \(\hat{H} = H_2 + \hat{H}_0\) with \(\hat{H}_0 = O_3(z, \bar{z})\) and \[H_2(z,\bar{z}) = \sum_{j=1}^{n} \omega_j z_j \bar{z}_j,\] where \((\omega_1, \dots, \omega_n)\) are real numbers and \(O_3\) means \(O(|z|^3 + |\bar{z}^3|)\). Assuming that the frequency \(\omega\) is nonresonant, there exists a formal canonical near-identity change of variables \((z, \bar{z}) \rightarrow (Z, \bar{Z})\) with \(d\bar{z} \wedge dz = d\bar{Z} \wedge dZ\) so that the new Hamiltonian takes the form \(H(z, \bar{z}) = N(Z_1\bar{Z}_1, \dots, Z_n\bar{Z}_n)\). The change of variables is formal because \(Z = Z(z,\bar{z})\), \(\bar{Z} = \bar{Z}(z, \bar{z})\), and \(N\) are power series in general. The problem of the convergence or divergence of the normalizing transformation assuming that \(\hat{H}\) is analytic is here a central question. With \(\mathcal{F}\) defined as the space of all power series in the variables \(z\) and \(\bar{z}\), the author studies a flow on \(\mathcal{F}\), called normalization flow. In the shift \[H_2 + \hat{H}_0 \rightarrow H_2 + \phi^\delta(\hat{H}_0)\] for \(\hat{H}_0 \in \mathcal{F}\), the normalization flow is \(\phi^\delta\) with \( \delta > 0\); it leads to a canonical change of variables. The flow \(\phi^\delta\) is determined by an ordinary differential equation in \(\mathcal {F}\) given by \(\partial_\delta {H_0} = - \{ {\xi H_0}, H_2 + H_0 \} \) with \(H_0 = \hat{H}\) when \(\delta = 0\) where \(\{ , \}\) is the Poisson bracket and \(\xi\) is a linear operator on \(\mathcal{F}\). The author argues that solutions of this equation map Hamiltonian functions to their normal forms.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(6)

This page was built for publication: Normalization flow

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q6069643)