Norms of Complex Harmonic Projection Operators

Let \(S^{2n-1}\) be the unit sphere in \({\mathbb C}^n\) and let \(L^2(S^{2n-1})\) be the Hilbert space of functions on \(S^{2n-1}\) endowed with the inner product \((f,g) \colon = \int_{S^{2n-1}} f( \xi) \overline{g(\xi )} \,d \sigma (\xi)\), where \(d\sigma\) is the measure invariant under the action of the unitary group \(U(n)\). A polynomial \(p\) in \(z, \bar{z}\) is said to be harmonic if \({1\over 4} ( {\partial^2 \over \partial z_1 \partial \overline{z_1}} + \cdots + {\partial^2 \over \partial z_n \partial \overline{z_n}} ) p = 0\). Let \({\mathcal H}^{ll'}\) denote the restrictions to \(S^{2n-1}\) of harmonic polynomials that also satisfy \(p(az,b\bar{z}) = a^l b^{l'} p(z,\bar{z})\), where \(a\) and \(b\) are real numbers. Each \({\mathcal H}^{ll'}\) is invariant under the action of \(U(n)\) and if \((l,l') \not= (m, m')\), then \({\mathcal H}^{ll'}\) and \({\mathcal H}^{mm'}\) are orthogonal in \(L^2(S^{2n-1})\). If \(f\) is a function in \(L^2(S^{2n-1})\), then there exists a unique decomposition \(f = \sum_{l,l' = 0}^{\infty}Y^{ll'}\), where \(Y^{ll'}\) is a polynomial from \({\mathcal H}^{ll'}\) for every \(l, l' \geq 0\) and the series on the right converges to \(f\) in the \(L^2(S^{2n-1})\)-norm. A projection operator, \(\pi_{ll'}\), can now be defined from \(L^2(S^{2n-1})\) into \({\mathcal H}^{ll'}\) by \(\pi_{ll'}(f)= Y^{ll'}\). In the main result of this paper sharp estimates are given for \(\pi_{ll'}\) in the \((L^p(S^{2n-1}), L^2(S^{2n-1}))\)-operator norm, where \(1 \leq p \leq 2, n \geq 2\) and \(l,l'\) satisfy \(\varepsilon_0 l \leq l' \leq Ml\) for some positive real numbers \(\varepsilon_0\) and \(M\). A sharp estimate for the norm of \(\pi_{ll'}\) is also given when either \(l\) is zero or \(l'\) is zero. By dropping the above angular restriction on \(l\) and \(l'\) and setting \(n=2\) the author gives estimates for the norm of \(\pi_{ll'}\) that depend on the length of \(l+l'\). Analogous results, under slightly stronger hypotheses, for the unit sphere in \({\mathbb R}^n\) were previously proven by \textit{C. Sogge} [Duke Math. J. 53, 43--65 (1986; Zbl 0636.42018)].

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