ON A CLASS OF CYCLICALLY PRESENTED GROUPS
Let \(F_n=\langle x_0,\dots,x_{n-1}\rangle\) be the free group of rank \(n\), and let \(\theta\colon F_n\to F_n\) be its automorphism defined by \(x_i\theta=x_{i+1}\) (subscripts are taken modulo \(n\)). For any cyclically reduced word \(\omega\in F_n\) define \(G_n(\omega)=F_n/N\), where \(N\) is the normal closure of the set \(\{\omega,\omega\theta,\dots,\omega\theta^{n-1}\}\). A group \(G\) is said to be `cyclically presented' if it has a `cyclic presentation' of type \(G\cong G_n(\omega)\) for some \(\omega\). \(G_n(\omega)\) is irreducible if \(n=1\) or if \(n\geq 2\) and the following two conditions hold: (1) \(\omega\) involves at least two of the \(x_i\); (2) if \(\omega\) involves only \(x_{i_1},\dots,x_{i_k}\), where \(i_j<i_{j+1}\) (\(1\leq j\leq k-1\)) and when \(k\geq 2\), then \(\text{hcf}(i_2-i_1,\dots,i_k-i_{k-1},n)=1\). Recently there has been some interest in the Problem 1.1: For which \(n\) and \(\omega\) is \(G_n(\omega)\) irreducible and trivial? Examples of trivial irreducible \(G_n(\omega)\) were given by Higman and Hirsch, who proved that \(G_n(x_0[x_0^{-1},x_1])=\{1\}\) for \(n=2\) and \(n=3\). In fact, \(G_2(x_0[x_0^{-k},x_1])=\{1\}\) for any \(k\geq 2\) (the analogue of this is not true for \(n=3\)). There are a few other examples of trivial irreducible \(G_n(\omega)\). The current paper studies the Problem 1.2: For which \((n;\alpha,\beta;i,j)\), where \(0\leq i<j\leq n-i\) and \(\alpha,\beta\in\mathbb{Z}\setminus\{0\}\) is the group \(G_n(x_0[x_i^\alpha,x_j^\beta])\) irreducible and trivial? The paper studies the case when \((i,j)=(1,2)\) and shows that if one avoids \(n\in\{2,3,4\}\) and \(|\alpha|=|\beta|=1\), then the group is non-trivial: Theorem 1.1. If \(n\geq 5\) and \((|\alpha|,|\beta|)\neq(1,1)\), then the group \(G_n(x_0[x_1^\alpha,x_2 ^\beta])\) is infinite. -- This result follows from a more general technical Theorem 1.2. The paper also considers as few special cases for given values of \(n,\alpha,\beta\).
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