On a partially ordered set associated to ring morphisms

Abstract: We associate to any ring

R

with identity a partially ordered set Hom

(R)

, whose elements are all pairs

(m a t h f r a k a, M)

, where

m a t h f r a k a = k e r v a r p h i

and

M = v a r p h i^{- 1} (U (S))

for some ring morphism

v a r p h i

of

R

into an arbitrary ring

S

. Here

U (S)

denotes the group of units of

S

. The assignment

R m a p s t o

Hom

(R)

turns out to be a contravariant functor of the category Ring of associative rings with identity to the category ParOrd of partially ordered sets. The maximal elements of Hom

(R)

constitute a subset Max

(R)

which, for commutative rings

R

, can be identified with the Zariski spectrum Spec

(R)

of

R

. Every pair

(m a t h f r a k a, M)

in Hom

(R)

has a canonical representative, that is, there is a universal ring morphism

p s i c o l o n R o S_{(R / m a t h f r a k a, M / m a t h f r a k a)}

corresponding to the pair

(m a t h f r a k a, M)

, where the ring

S_{(R / m a t h f r a k a, M / m a t h f r a k a)}

is constructed as a universal inverting

R / m a t h f r a k a

-ring in the sense of Cohn. Several properties of the sets Hom

(R)

and Max

(R)

are studied.

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