On approximate commutativity of spaces of matrices

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2023.06.026MaRDI QIDQ6178780zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors M. Omladič, H. Radjavi, Klemen Šivic

Publication date 5 September 2023

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2209.08074

commutator dimension linear space of matrices maximal rank structure

Vector spaces, linear dependence, rank, lineability (15A03) Commutativity of matrices (15A27) Algebraic systems of matrices (15A30) Representation theory for linear algebraic groups (20G05)

Abstract: The maximal dimension of commutative subspaces of

M_{n} (m a t h b b C)

is known. So is the structure of such a subspace when the maximal dimension is achieved. We consider extensions of these results and ask the following natural questions: If

V

is a subspace of

M_{n} (m a t h b b C)

and

k

is an integer less than

n

, such that for every pair

A

and

B

of members of

V

, the rank of the commutator

A B - B A

is at most

k

, then how large can the dimension of

V

be? If this maximum is achieved, can we determine the structure of

V

? We answer the first question. We also propose a conjecture on the second question which implies, in particular, that such a subspace

V

has to be an algebra, just as in the known case of

k = 0

. We prove the proposed structure of

V

if it is already assumed to be an algebra.

Review text

The authors extend some well-known result on the maximal dimension of commutative subspaces of \(M_n(\mathbb{C})\), the space of \(n \times n\) complex matrices. Let \(V\) be a subspace of \(M_n(\mathbb{C})\), and let \(k < n\) be fixed. The main question is: What can be said about \(V\) if \[ \mathrm{rank}(AB-BA) \leq k, \] for all \(A\) and \(B\) in \(V\)? They show that the maximal possible dimension of \(V\) is: \[ kn + \lfloor\frac{n-k}{2}\rfloor \cdot \lfloor\frac{n-k+1}{2}\rfloor + 1, \] which generalizes the known inequality for the maximal dimension of commutative subspaces of \(M_n(C)\) (where \(k = 0\)): \[ \lfloor\frac{n}{2}\rfloor \cdot \lfloor\frac{n+1}{2}\rfloor + 1\,. \] Furthermore, if this dimension is achieved, then \(V\) is an algebra. The authors present a conjecture on the structure of \(V\), which is here proved for the two limiting cases of \(k=1\) and \(k = n-1\).

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