On conjugacy classes in groups

DOI10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2023.09.011MaRDI QIDQ6085506zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Marcel Herzog, P. Longobardi, M. Maj

Publication date 8 November 2023

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.11027

zbMATH Keywords

centralizersconjugacy classeslocally graded groups

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Conjugacy classes for groups (20E45) FC-groups and their generalizations (20F24) Periodic groups; locally finite groups (20F50)

Abstract: Let $G$ be a group. Write $G^{\ast }=Gsetminus1$. An element $x$ of $G^{\ast }$ will be called deficient if $langlexangle<C_G(x)$ and it will be called non-deficient if $langlexangle=C_G(x).$ If $xinG$ is deficient (non-deficient), then the conjugacy class $x^G$ of $x$ in $G$ will be also called deficient (non-deficient). Let $j$ be a non-negative integer. We shall say that the group $G$ has defect $j$, denoted by $GinD(j)$ or by the phrase "$G$ is a $D(j)$-group", if exactly $j$ non-trivial conjugacy classes of $G$ are deficient. We first determine all finite $D(0)$-groups and $D(1)$-groups. Then we deal with arbitrary $D(0)$-groups and $D(1)$-groups: we find properties of arbitrary $D(0)$-groups and $D(1)$-groups, which force these groups to be finite.

Review text

The authors first define the deficient and non-deficient elements of groups as follows: A non-identity element \(x\) of a group \(G\) is called deficient if \(\langle x \rangle < C_{G}(x)\) and non-deficient if \(\langle x \rangle =C_{G}(x)\). The conjugacy class of a deficient (respectively non-deficient) element is called a deficient (respectively non-deficient) conjugacy class. Then they prove the following consequence of these definitions: Theorem. Let \(G\) be a non-trivial finite group with no deficient conjugacy classes. Then either \(G\) is either cyclic of prime order or a Frobenius group \(C_{p}\rtimes C_{q}\) with \(p, q\) distinct primes. Then they also characterize finite groups with one deficient conjugacy class. Moreover, they prove that if \(G\) is a locally finite or (periodic) locally graded or residually finite group with no (or one) deficient conjugacy class, then \(G\) is finite. Since the Tarski monster groups constructed by \textit{A. Yu. Ol'shanskiĭ} [Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Ser. Mat. 43, 1328--1393 (1979; Zbl 0431.20027)] constitute examples of infinite simple periodic groups with no deficient conjugacy glasses, the locally graded or residually finite assumptions in these theorems are crucial. The results in this paper, together with the authors' earlier results [J. Algebra Appl. 22, No. 10, Article ID 2350217, 7 p. (2023; Zbl 1527.20056)], can be seen as important discussions related to the following problem by Avinoam Mann published in [\textit{V. D. Mazurov} (ed.) and \textit{E. I. Khukhro} (ed.), The Kourovka notebook. Unsolved problems in group theory. 18th edition. Novosibirsk: Institute of Mathematics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Siberian Div. (2014; Zbl 1372.20001), Problem 11.56(a)]. Problem. Does there exist an infinite residually finite group such that all whose centralizers are finite?

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Cited in

(1)

• On \(D(j)\)-groups with an element of order \(p^{j+1}\) for some prime \(p\)

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