On divisors of modular forms

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2018.02.001MaRDI QIDQ1744554zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Kathrin Bringmann, Ben Kane, Steffen Löbrich, Ken Ono, Larry Rolen

Publication date 23 April 2018

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.08100

denominator formula divisors of modular forms polar harmonic Maass forms

Modular and automorphic functions (11F03) Fourier coefficients of automorphic forms (11F30) Forms of half-integer weight; nonholomorphic modular forms (11F37)

Abstract: The denominator formula for the Monster Lie algebra is the product expansion for the modular function

j (z) - j (a u)

given in terms of the Hecke system of

o p e r a t o r n a m e {S L}_{2} (m a t h b b Z)

-modular functions

j_{n} (a u)

. It is prominent in Zagier's seminal paper on traces of singular moduli, and in the Duncan-Frenkel work on Moonshine. The formula is equivalent to the description of the generating function for the

j_{n} (z)

as a weight 2 modular form with a pole at

z

. Although these results rely on the fact that

X_{0} (1)

has genus 0, here we obtain a generalization, framed in terms of polar harmonic Maass forms, for all of the

X_{0} (N)

modular curves. We use these functions to study divisors of modular forms.

Review text

It is well known that the denominator formula for the Monster Lie algebra is the product expansion for the modular function \(J(z)-J(\tau)\) given in terms of the Hecke system of \(\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})\)-modular functions \(j_n(\tau)\). More precisely, the denominator formula for the Monster Lie group asserts that \[ J(z)-J(\tau) = e^{-2 \pi i z} \prod_{m>0, n \in \mathbb{Z}} (1-e^{2 \pi i m z} e^{2 \pi i n \tau} )^{c(mn)}.\] Let \(j_n(\tau)\) be a Hecke system of functions given by \(j_0(\tau)=1\), \(j_1(\tau)=J(\tau)\) and \(j_n(\tau)=T_n(j_1(\tau))\). With this notation, an equivalent formulation of the denominator formula states that the generating function of the system \(j_n(\tau)\), which is denoted by \(H_z(\tau)\), satisfies \[ H_z(\tau):=\sum_{n \geq 0} j_n(z) e^{2 \pi i n \tau} = \frac{E_4(\tau)^2E_6(\tau)}{\Delta(\tau)} \frac{1}{J(\tau)-J(z)}=- \frac{1}{2 \pi i} \frac{J'(\tau)}{J(\tau)-J(z)} .\] In fact, this formula is equivalent to the description of the generating function for the \(j_n(z)\) as a weight \(2\) modular form with a pole at \(z\). In the paper under review, the authors extend the aforementioned results to the congruence subgroups \(Γ_0(N)\) for positive integers \(N\). With this aim, they introduce a Hecke system of harmonic Maass functions \(j_{N,n}(\tau)\) for \(\Gamma_0(N)\). This system generalizes the Hecke system \(j_n(\tau)\) for \(\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})\). They also construct polar harmonic Maass forms \(H^*_{N,z}(\tau)\) of weight \(2\) for \(\Gamma_0(N)\) which generalize the functions \(H_z(\tau)\). Although the previous results rely on the fact that \(X_0(1)\) has genus \(0\), in the paper under review, the authors obtain a generalization, framed in terms of polar harmonic Maass forms, for all of the \(X_0(N)\) modular curves. They use these functions to study divisors of modular forms.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(26)

This page was built for publication: On divisors of modular forms

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q1744554)