On elements of high order in finite fields
The author proves the following result: Let \(\alpha\in \mathbb{F}_{q^n}\) be of degree \(n\) over \(\mathbb{F}_q\) and a root of \(X^m-g(X)\), where \(m\) is a power of \(q\) with \(m\geq n\) and \(g(X)\in \mathbb{F}_q[X]\) is a polynomial of degree \(\deg g=d<n\) such that \(g(X)\neq aX^k\) and \(g(X)\neq aX^{p^l}+b\) for \(a,b\in \mathbb{F}_q\) and integers \(k,l\geq 0\), where \(p\) is the characteristic of \(\mathbb{F}_q\). Then \[ \text{ ord}~ \alpha\geq \left(\frac{nd}{\log_d^2 n}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}\log_d n}. \] This result improves and generalizes Theorem 1.4 of \textit{S. Gao} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 127, No. 6, 1615-1623 (1999; Zbl 0923.11166)]. Both results are based on the following statement. If a polynomial \(f(X)\in \mathbb{F}_q[X]\) is neither a monomial \(ax^l\) nor a binomial of the form \(ax^{p^l}+b\), then the sequence of composition polynomials \[ f_1(X)=f(X),\ldots, f_k(X)=f(f_{k-1}(X)), \quad k\geq 2, \] is multiplicatively independent, i. e., if \(\prod_{i=1}^m f_i^{e_i}=1\) with some integers \(e_1,\ldots,e_m\) then \(e_1=\ldots=e_m=0\). For the entire collection see [Zbl 0956.00037].
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