On equivalencies between design-based and regression-based variance estimators for randomized experiments
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Abstract: This paper presents a randomization-based framework for estimating causal effects under interference between units, motivated by challenges that arise in analyzing experiments on social networks. The framework integrates three components: (i) an experimental design that defines the probability distribution of treatment assignments, (ii) a mapping that relates experimental treatment assignments to exposures received by units in the experiment, and (iii) estimands that make use of the experiment to answer questions of substantive interest. We develop the case of estimating average unit-level causal effects from a randomized experiment with interference of arbitrary but known form. The resulting estimators are based on inverse probability weighting. We provide randomization-based variance estimators that account for the complex clustering that can occur when interference is present. We also establish consistency and asymptotic normality under local dependence assumptions. We discuss refinements including covariate-adjusted effect estimators and ratio estimation. We evaluate empirical performance in realistic settings with a naturalistic simulation using social network data from American schools. We then present results from a field experiment on the spread of anti-conflict norms and behavior among school students.
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Cited in
(14)- A paradox from randomization-based causal inference
- Design-Based Ratio Estimators and Central Limit Theorems for Clustered, Blocked RCTs
- Agnostic notes on regression adjustments to experimental data: reexamining Freedman's critique
- On randomization-based causal inference for matched-pair factorial designs
- Analyzing two-stage experiments in the presence of interference
- Using standard tools from finite population sampling to improve causal inference for complex experiments
- On randomization-based and regression-based inferences for 2K factorial designs
- A fundamental equivalence between randomized experiments and observational studies
- Sharp bounds on the variance in randomized experiments
- Sampling-based versus design-based uncertainty in regression analysis
- Understanding Ding's apparent paradox
- On mitigating the analytical limitations of finely stratified experiments
- Sampling‐based Randomised Designs for Causal Inference under the Potential Outcomes Framework
- Decomposing Treatment Effect Variation
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