On maps with unstable singularities

approximations by embeddings concordantly realizable map continuously realizable map discretely relizable map equivariant mapping cylinder neighbourhood isotopically realizable map pseudo-isotopy

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Embeddings and immersions in topological manifolds (57N35) Isotopy and pseudo-isotopy (57N37) Flatness and tameness of topological manifolds (57N45) General position and transversality (57N75) Embeddings and immersions in PL-topology (57Q35) Isotopy in PL-topology (57Q37) Approximations in PL-topology (57Q55) Cobordism and concordance in PL-topology (57Q60) Singularities of differentiable mappings in differential topology (57R45)

Abstract: If a continuous map f: X->Q is approximable arbitrary closely by embeddings X->Q, can some embedding be taken onto f by a pseudo-isotopy? This question, called Isotopic Realization Problem, was raised by Shchepin and Akhmet'ev. We consider the case where X is a compact n-polyhedron, Q a PL m-manifold and show that the answer is 'generally no' for (n,m)=(3,6); (1,3), and 'yes' when: 1) m>2n, (n,m) eq (1,3); 2) 2m>3(n+1) and the set {(x,y)|f(x)=f(y)} has an equivariant (with respect to the factor exchanging involution) mapping cylinder neighborhood in X imes X; 3) m>n+2 and f is the composition of a PL map and a TOP embedding. In doing this, we answer affirmatively (with a minor preservation) a question of Kirby: does small smooth isotopy imply small smooth ambient isotopy in the metastable range, verify a conjecture of Kearton-Lickorish: small PL concordance implies small PL ambient isotopy in codimension ge 3, and a conjecture set of Repovs-Skopenkov.

Review text

Let \(X\) be a compact \(n\)-polyhedron and \(Q\) a PL \(m\)-manifold. A map \(f: X\rightarrow Q\) is called realizable or discretely realizable if it can be \(\epsilon\)-approximated by embeddings \(f_\epsilon :X \rightarrow Q\) for each \(\epsilon > 0\). \(f\) is isotopically realizable if \(f\) and \(f_\epsilon\) can be related by pseudo-isotopy [\textit{W. Holsztyński}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 27, 598-602 (1971; Zbl 0211.26501)]. Furthermore, \(f:X \rightarrow Q\) is called continuously realizable if for each \(\epsilon > 0\) there exists a \(\delta >0\) such that each embedding \(g_\delta :X\rightarrow Q\) which is \(\delta\)-close to \(f\) can be taken onto \(f\) by an \(\epsilon\)-pseudo-isotopy. Clearly, if \(f:X\rightarrow Q\) is continuously realizable, then it is isotopically realizable. The paper also treats the fourth notion of realizability called concordant realizability. The author treats the question when does discrete realizability imply isotopic realizability? The proof of the obtained result is done via continuous realizability. The main results on this line are the following: If \(f:X \rightarrow Q\) is discretely realizable, then it is isotopicaly realizable if (1) \(m > 2n, (m,n)\) different from \((1,3)\); (2) \(m > 3(n+1)/2\) and \(\Delta(f) = \{(x,y) \mid f(x) = f(y)\}\) has a \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-equivariant mapping cylinder neighbourhood in \(X\times X\); (3) \(m > n + 2\) and \(f\) is the composition of a PL map and a topological embedding. For \((m,n) = (3,6)\) a map discretely realizable may not be isotopically realizable. The paper contains a series of examples illustrating different relations between the treated notions of realizability. Furthermore, there are results in the smooth category when \(X,Q\), and \(f\) belong to that category. Also, one can find a series of results related to this topic.

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