On the Diagonalization of Quadratic Forms

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Four explicit \(n\)-ary quadratic forms are diagonalized, namely \(q_1= \sum_{i,j=1}^n \min\{i,j\} x_ix_j= (x_1+ x_2+\cdots+ x_n)^2+ (x_2+\cdots+ x_n)^2+\cdots+ (x_{n-1}+ x_n)^2+ x_n^2\), \(q_2= \sum_{i,j=1}^n \max\{i,j\} x_ix_j= n(x_1+\cdots+ x_n)^2- (x_1+\cdots+ x_{n-1})^2-\cdots- (x_1+x_2)^2- x_1^2\), \(q_3= \sum_{i,j=1}^n (i+j)x_ix_j= \frac 12 [(2x_1+ 3x_2+\cdots+ (n+1)x_n)^2- (x_2+ 2x_3+\cdots+ (n-1)x_n)^2]\), \(q_4= \sum_{i,j=1}^n |i-j|x_ix_j= \frac 12 [(n-1) (x_1+\cdots+ x_n)^2- (x_1- x_2-\cdots- x_n)^2- (x_1+ x_2- x_3-\cdots- x_n)^2-\cdots- (x_1+ x_2+\cdots+ x_{n-1}- x_n)^2]\).











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