On the closure of the image of the generalized divisor function

Abstract: For any real number

s

, let

s i g m a_{s}

be the generalized divisor function, i.e., the arithmetic function defined by

s i g m a_{s} (n) := s u m_{d, m i d, n} d^{s}

, for all positive integers

n

. We prove that for any

r > 1

the topological closure of

s i g m a_{- r} (m a t h b f N^{+})

is the union of a finite number of pairwise disjoint closed intervals

I_{1}, l d o t s, I_{e} l l

. Moreover, for

k = 1, l d o t s, e l l

, we show that the set of positive integers

n

such that

s i g m a_{- r} (n) i n I_{k}

has a positive rational asymptotic density

d_{k}

. In fact, we provide a method to give exact closed form expressions for

I_{1}, l d o t s, I_{e} l l

and

d_{1}, l d o t s, d_{e} l l

, assuming to know

r

with sufficient precision. As an example, we show that for

r = 2

it results

e l l = 3

,

I_{1} = [1, p i^{2} / 9]

,

I_{2} = [10 / 9, p i^{2} / 8]

,

I_{3} = [5 / 4, p i^{2} / 6]

,

d_{1} = 1 / 3

,

d_{2} = 1 / 6

, and

d_{3} = 1 / 2

.

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