On gaps in the closures of images of divisor functions

Abstract: Given a complex number

c

, define the divisor function

s i g m a_{c} : m a t h b b N o m a t h b b C

by

s i g m a_{c} (n) = s u m_{d m i d n} d^{c}

. In this paper, we look at

o v e r l i n e s i g m a_{- r} (m a t h b b N)

, the topological closures of the image of

s i g m a_{- r}

, when

r > 1

. We exhibit new lower bounds on the number of connected components of

o v e r l i n e s i g m a_{- r} (m a t h b b N)

, bringing this bound from linear in

r

to exponential. Finally, we discuss the general structure of gaps of

o v e r l i n e s i g m a_{- r} (m a t h b b N)

in order to work towards a possible monotonicity result.

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