On the dynamic geometry of Kasner polygons with complex parameter

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The paper deals with the dynamics of the sequence of Kasner polygons in the plane. It extends the results by the authors in [Springer Proc. Math. Stat. 418, 213--228 (2023; Zbl 1535.51019)]. Given a polygon with vertices, in complex coordinates, \(A_0^1(a_1)\cdots A_0^k(a_k)\) and a real or complex number \(\alpha\), the vertices of the Kasner iteration are recursively given as follows:\N\[\N\left\{ \begin{aligned} \Na^1_{n+1} &=\alpha a^1_n+(1-\alpha)a^2_n\\\Na^2_{n+1} &=\alpha a^2_n+(1-\alpha)a^3_n\\\N&\cdots\\\Na^{k-1}_{n+1} &=\alpha a^{k-1}_n+(1-\alpha)a^k_n\\\Na^k_{n+1} &=\alpha a^k_n+(1-\alpha)a^1_n\\\N\end{aligned} \right.\N\]\NIn the paper under review the authors investigate geometric features of the dynamics generated by the sequence \(A_n^1\cdots A_n^k\) (or \(a^1_n \cdots a^k_n\)) when \(\alpha\) is complex number.\N\NIn order to present one of the results, define \N\[\NR_j=2\sin\Big(\frac{j}{k}\pi\Big), \quad z_j=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\cot\Big(\frac{j}{k}\pi\Big)i, \quad j=1,\dots,k-1,\N\]\Nand \(D_j=\Big\{z\in \mathbb{C}: |z-z_j|<\frac{1}{R_j} \Big\}\). \N\NThen one has the following.\N\NTheorem. The following assertions hold: the sequence \(A_n^1\cdots A_n^k\), \(n\ge 0\), converges if and only if \(\alpha \in D_1\cap D_{k-1}\) and in this case the limit is the centroid of the initial polygon. If \(\alpha \in \mathrm{int}[(D_1\cap D_{k-1})^c]\), the orbits are divergent.\N\NOther results presented in the paper are about orbits with a finite number of convergent subsequences and the existence of dense orbits.\N\NFor the entire collection see [Zbl 1537.37005].











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