On the integrability of multidimensional rare maximal functions
Let \(\mathcal{B}\) be a collection of sets with positive finite measure covering \(\mathbb{R}^d\). The \textit{maximal operator} \(M_{\mathcal{B}}\) associated to \(\mathcal{B}\) is defined by \[M_{\mathcal{B}}f(x) = \sup_{x\in R\in\mathcal{B}}\frac1{\vert R\vert}\int_R \vert f\vert \qquad (f\in L^1(\mathbb{R}^d),\, x\in \mathbb{R}^d).\] The collection \(\mathcal{B}\) is said to be \textit{translation invariant} if \(x+R\in\mathcal{B}\) for every \(x\in \mathbb{R}^d\) and \(R\in \mathcal{B}\), and \textit{monotone} if for every pair of sets \(R\) and \(R'\) from \(\mathcal{B}\) there exists a translation which maps one of them into a subset of the other. Furthermore, a translation invariant collection \(\mathcal{B}\) is said to be \textit{complete} if (i) there exists a sequence \(\{R_j\}\) of sets from \(\mathcal{B}\) with \(\lim_{j\to\infty}{\text{ diam}} R_j =0\), and (ii) there exist numbers \(\delta>0\) and \(1<c_1\le c_2\) such that for every \(R\in \mathcal{B}\) with \({\text{ diam}}R<\delta\) there exists \(R'\in\mathcal{B}\) with the properties \(R' \supset R\) and \(c_1\le \vert R'\vert /\vert R\vert \le c_2\).\par In the paper the authors prove the following two theorems.\par \textbf{Theorem 2.1} \textit{Let \(\mathcal{B}\) be a translation invariant monotone collection of intervals in \(\mathbb{R}^d\). If \(\mathcal{B}\) is complete, then for a function \(f\in L^1([0,1]^d)\) the maximal function \(M_{\mathcal{B}}(f)\) is integrable on \([0,1]^d\) if and only if \(f\in L\log^+L([0,1]^d)\).}\par \textbf{Theorem 2.2.} \textit{Let \(\mathcal{B}\) be a translation invariant monotone collection of intervals. If \(\mathcal{B}\) is not complete, then for every increasing function \(\varphi: [0,\infty) \to [0,\infty)\) with \(\lim_{t\to \infty} \varphi(t)/t = \infty\) there exists a function \(f\in L^1([0,1]^d)\) such that \(\int_{[0,1]^d} M_{\mathcal{B}}(f) <\infty\) although \(\varphi(f) \notin L^1([0,1]^d)\).}\par Theorem 2.1 is a generalization of a result of \textit{E. M. Stein} [Stud. Math. 32, 305--310 (1969; Zbl 0182.47803)], while Theorem 2.2 extends a result of \textit{K. Hare} and \textit{A. Stokolos} [Colloq. Math. 83, No. 2, 173--182 (2000; Zbl 1030.42017)].
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