Optimal Placement of Virtual Inertia in Power Grids

DOI10.1109/TAC.2017.2703302MaRDI QIDQ4566984zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Bala Kameshwar Poolla, Saverio Bolognani, Florian Dörfler

Publication date 27 June 2018

Published in IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1510.01497

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

(H^infty)-control (93B36) Design techniques (robust design, computer-aided design, etc.) (93B51) Applications of design theory to circuits and networks (94C30)

Abstract: A major transition in the operation of electric power grids is the replacement of synchronous machines by distributed generation connected via power electronic converters. The accompanying "loss of rotational inertia" and the fluctuations by renewable sources jeopardize the system stability, as testified by the ever-growing number of frequency incidents. As a remedy, numerous studies demonstrate how virtual inertia can be emulated through various devices, but few of them address the question of "where" to place this inertia. It is however strongly believed that the placement of virtual inertia hugely impacts system efficiency, as demonstrated by recent case studies. In this article, we carry out a comprehensive analysis in an attempt to address the optimal inertia placement problem. We consider a linear network-reduced power system model along with an H2 performance metric accounting for the network coherency. The optimal inertia placement problem turns out to be non-convex, yet we provide a set of closed-form global optimality results for particular problem instances as well as a computational approach resulting in locally optimal solutions. Further, we also consider the robust inertia allocation problem, wherein the optimization is carried out accounting for the worst-case disturbance location. We illustrate our results with a three-region power grid case study and compare our locally optimal solution with different placement heuristics in terms of different performance metrics.

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Cited in

(11)

• Predictability and fairness in load aggregation and operations of virtual power plants
• Impact of intra and inter-cluster coupling balance on the performance of nonlinear networked systems
• Distributed transient frequency control for power networks with stability and performance guarantees
• Quantifying transient spreading dynamics on networks
• Effects of dynamical and structural modifications on synchronization
• Graph-theoretic approaches for analyzing the resilience of distributed control systems: a tutorial and survey
• Synchronization of power systems under stochastic disturbances
• Synchronization of Coupled Phase Oscillators with Stochastic Disturbances and the Cycle Space of the Graph
• Quantifying fluctuations for dynamical power systems with stochastic excitations: a power spectral density-based method
• A critical escape probability formulation for enhancing the transient stability of power systems with system parameter design
• Spectral decompositions of inverse Gramian matrices and energy metrics of continuous dynamic systems

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