Ordered differential fields

An order preserving (monotone) derivation \(d\) of an ordered skew field \(F\) is necessarily trivial. The author defines a domain of monotonicity \(U\) of \(d\) to be a maximal convex subset of \(F\) on which \(d\) is monotone, and proves that on any convex set with more than one element, if \(d\) is constant then \(d\) is trivial on \(F\). Thus a domain of montonicity contains at most one element of the kernel of \(d\). Let \(O\) denote the set of all elements in \(F\) whose absolute value is less then every positive element of the kernel of \(d\). Then there is a domain of monotonicity \(U \subseteq O\). (The elements of \(O\) are infinitesimals, so the existence of a non-trivial \(d\) implies that \(F\) is non-archimedian.) The author defines a differential skew field \(F\) with nontrivial derivation \(d\) to be ordered if there is an ordering \(\geq\) of \(F\) such that (notation as above) \(O - \{0\} \neq \emptyset\) (which is called the weak structural law) and if \(x \in O\) and \(x \geq 0\) then \(d(x) \geq 0\) (which is called the law of monotonicity). Using the interval topology, the derivation \(d\) is continuous on \(F\), and \(F\), being non-archimedean, is totally disconnected. The author provides examples of ordered differential fields, a survey of the basic properties of ordered differential fields, and necessary and sufficient conditions for when certain algebraic and transcendental extensions of the ordered differential field \(F\) can be ordered compatible with an extension of \(d\).

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