Orthogonal Laurent polynomials of two real variables

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The purpose of this paper is to study the theory of sequences of orthogonal Laurent polynomials in several variables. For simplicity, the authors restrict attention to the case of two real variables starting from a suitable ordering of the corresponding Laurent monomials, inspired by what is known in the literature as the ``balanced case for one variable.\N\NThus, they consider sequences of two real variables orthogonal Laurent polynomials with respect to a positive definite Borel measure defined in the complex plane, with certain restrictions.\N\NFollowing a framework analogous to that of the one-variable case, the authors obtain the five-term recurrence relation, Favard's theorem, and the Chistoffel-Darboux and confluent formulas for the reproducing kernel. The proper ordering considered for the Laurent monomials provides a block-symmetric five-diagonal matrix representation for the above recurrence relation.\N\NA connection to the one-variable case is obtained when the corresponding orthogonality measure is supported in a rectangle and is a product of measures with two separate variables.\N\NFinally, in their conclusions, the authors state that all these results can be extended to the multivariate case. They present some open problems for future research, which involve some applications.



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