Orthogonal polynomials of compact simple Lie groups

Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Semisimple Lie groups and their representations (22E46) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Orthogonal polynomials and functions associated with root systems (33C52) Connections of hypergeometric functions with groups and algebras, and related topics (33C80) Basic orthogonal polynomials and functions associated with root systems (Macdonald polynomials, etc.) (33D52)

Abstract: Recursive algebraic construction of two infinite families of polynomials in

n

variables is proposed as a uniform method applicable to every semisimple Lie group of rank

n

. Its result recognizes Chebyshev polynomials of the first and second kind as the special case of the simple group of type

A_{1}

. The obtained not Laurent-type polynomials are proved to be equivalent to the partial cases of the Macdonald symmetric polynomials. Basic relation between the polynomials and their properties follow from the corresponding properties of the orbit functions, namely the orthogonality and discretization. Recurrence relations are shown for the Lie groups of types

A_{1}

,

A_{2}

,

A_{3}

,

C_{2}

,

C_{3}

,

G_{2}

, and

B_{3}

together with lowest polynomials.

Review text

Special functions of mathematical physics are in fact matrix elements of representations of Lie groups, and recent multivariate generalizations of classical hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials are based on root systems of simple Lie groups/algebras. The authors propose a recursive algebraic construction of two infinite families of orthogonal multivariate polynomials related to orbit functions of simple Lie groups of rank \(n\). Their method is based on the decomposition of products of Weyl group orbits and on the basic properties of the characters of irreducible finite dimensional representations. The paper focuses on polynomials obtained by substitution of variables, mimicking Weyl's method for the construction of finite-dimensional representations from \(n\) fundamental representations. A number of multivariate generalizations of classical Chebyshev polynomials are available in the literature. The authors show in all details how Chebyshev polynomials appear as particular case of multivariate polynomials. Recurrence relations are shown for the Lie groups of types \(A_1, A_2, A_3, C_2, C_3, G_2\), and \(B_3\) together with lowest polynomials.

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