POLARITIES FOR NEARRINGS
Let \(N\) be a right near-ring. If \(\emptyset\neq S\subseteq N\) the left and right polars of \(S\) are the sets \(L(S):=\{x\mid xNs=0\;\forall s\in S\}\) and \(R(S):=\{y\mid sNy=0\;\forall s\in S\}\), respectively. It is shown that the sets \(P_L(N)\) of left and \(P_R(N)\) of nonempty right polars are complete bounded lattices which are dual isomorphic. Recall that \(N\) is 3-prime (resp. 3-semiprime) if \(xNy=0\Rightarrow x=0\) or \(y=0\) (resp. \(xNx=0\Rightarrow x=0)\). \(I\triangleleft N\) is 3-prime (resp. 3-semiprime) if \(N/I\) is 3-prime (resp. 3-semiprime). \(N\) is strongly 3-semiprime if it is a subdirect sum of 3-prime near-rings. If \(N\) is 3-semiprime then \(P_{L'}(N):=\{L(S)\mid R(S)\neq\emptyset\}\) is a complete complemented lattice. Let \(N\) be 3-semiprime, let \(\emptyset\neq S\) satisfy \(N^2S\subseteq S\), and consider the following statements: (a) \(L(s)=L(S)\) for some nonzero \(s\in S\); (b) \(L(S)\) is a 3-prime ideal of \(N\), (c) \(L(S)\) is a minimal 3-prime ideal of \(N\), (d) \(L(S)\) is a dual atom in \(P_L(N)\), (e) \(RL(S)\) is an atom in \(P_R(N)\), (f) \(L(s)=L(S)\) for some nonzero \(s\in S\). Then the following implications hold: (a) \(\Leftrightarrow\) (b) \(\Leftrightarrow\) (c) \(\Rightarrow\) (d) \(\Leftrightarrow\) (e) \(\Rightarrow\) (f). In the case that \(N\) is zerosymmetric and 3-semiprime, \(L(S)=R(S)\) and will be denoted \(S^\perp\). Also, \(P_L(N)=P_R(N)\), and will be denoted \(P(N)\). It is shown that \(P(N)\) is a Boolean algebra. Moreover, properties (a)-(e) are equivalent in this case, and equivalent to: (g) \(I\) is a 3-prime nearring; (h) \(I^{\perp\perp}\) is an ideal which is maximal with respect to being a 3-prime nearring; (i) \(I^{\perp\perp}\) is a 3-prime nearring. Futhermore, the following are equivalent for a 3-semiprime nearring \(N\): (a) \(N\) has a basis \(\mathfrak B\), (b) If \(0\neq x\in N\) then \(xNs\neq (0)\) for some basic element \(s\), (c) \(P(N)\) is atomic; (d) \((0)=\bigcap\{A^\perp\mid A\) is an ideal of \(N\) and \(A^\perp\) is a 3-prime ideal\}; If \(X=\bigcup\{I\mid I\) is an ideal of \(N\) and is a 3-prime nearring\} then \(X^\perp=(0)\).
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