Parameter dependent pull-back of closed differential forms and invariant integrals
A closed differential form (cocycle) on a set \(D\subset\mathbb R^ n\) is not necessarily exact (coboundary) on \(D\). However, if \(D\) is simply connected, then it is exact. Recently, the author showed that for a closed differential \(n\)-form \(\omega\) on \(D\subset\mathbb R^ n\), the derivative \(\partial_ t\left(f_ t^ *\omega\right)\) is always a coboundary, where \(f: \mathbb R\times G\to D,\;(t,x)\mapsto f(t,x)=f_ t(x)\) with \(D, G\subset \mathbb R^ n\). Now, let \(f: \mathbb [a,b]\times G\to D,\;(t,x)\mapsto f(t,x)=f_ t(x)\), where \(D\subset \mathbb R^ n\) and \(G\subset \mathbb R^ m\) are open sets. In this paper, the author proves that for any closed differential \(k\)-form \(\omega\) on \(D\subset\mathbb R^ n\), the derivative \(\partial_ t\left(f_ t^ *\omega\right)\) of the pull-back \(f_ t^ *\omega\) is exact in \(G\subset \mathbb R^ m\). The author presents applications of this theorem to prove Liouville's theorem in dynamics, Helmholtz theorem in hydrodynamics, and some classical results such as the Cauchy formula and homotopy invariance of the Kronecker pairing.
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