Penrose limits and spacetime singularities
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Abstract: We give a covariant characterisation of the Penrose plane wave limit: the plane wave profile matrix is the restriction of the null geodesic deviation matrix (curvature tensor) of the original spacetime metric to the null geodesic, evaluated in a comoving frame. We also consider the Penrose limits of spacetime singularities and show that for a large class of black hole, cosmological and null singularities (of Szekeres-Iyer ``power-law type), including those of the FRW and Schwarzschild metrics, the result is a singular homogeneous plane wave with profile , the scale invariance of the latter reflecting the power-law behaviour of the singularities.
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