Periodic points of polynomials over finite fields

DOI10.1090/TRAN/8634MaRDI QIDQ5082377zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Derek Garton

Publication date 16 June 2022

Published in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.16533

zbMATH Keywords

finite fieldsarithmetic dynamicsperiodic pointsGalois theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Galois theory (11R32) Polynomials over finite fields (11T06) Arithmetic properties of periodic points (37P35) Arithmetic and non-Archimedean dynamical systems involving polynomial and rational maps (37P05) Galois theory and commutative ring extensions (13B05) Dynamical systems over finite ground fields (37P25)

Abstract: Fix an odd prime $p$. If $r$ is a positive integer and $f$ a polynomial with coefficients in $mathbb{F}_{p^r}$, let $P_{p,r}(f)$ be the proportion of $mathbb{P}^1(mathbb{F}_{p^r})$ that is periodic with respect to $f$. We show that as $r$ increases, the expected value of $P_{p,r}(f)$, as $f$ ranges over quadratic polynomials, is less than $22/(loglog{p}^r)$. This result follows from a uniformity theorem on specializations of dynamical systems of rational functions over residually finite Dedekind domains. The specialization theorem generalizes previous work by Juul et al. that holds for rings of integers of number fields. Moreover, under stronger hypotheses, we effectivize this uniformity theorem by using the machinery of heights over general global fields; this version of the theorem generalizes previous work of Juul on polynomial dynamical systems over rings of integers of number fields. From these theorems we derive effective bounds on image sizes and periodic point proportions of families of rational functions over finite fields.

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Cited in

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