Periodic solutions of nonlinear wave equations with general nonlinearities

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Abstract: We prove the existence of small amplitude periodic solutions, with strongly irrational frequency om close to one, for completely resonant nonlinear wave equations. We provide multiplicity results for both monotone and nonmonotone nonlinearities. For om close to one we prove the existence of a large number Nom of 2pislashom-periodic in time solutions u1,...,un,...,uN: Nomo+infty as omo1. The minimal period of the n-th solution un is proved to be 2pislashnom. The proofs are based on a Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction and variational arguments.


A variational principle is proposed to find small amplitude periodic solutions of the semilinear wave equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions \[ u_{tt} - u_{xx} + f(u) = 0, \quad u(t,0) = u(t,\pi) = 0, \] when \(f(0) = f'(0) = 0.\) The corresponding solutions are periodic solutions with a fixed period which branch off the infinite-dimensional null space of the linear part. This variational approach is based upon a variational Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction followed by a delicate mountain pass type argument. Examples dealing with \(f(u) = au^p\) are treated, with \(p\) an integer.




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