Polarized partition relations

DOI10.2307/2695046MaRDI QIDQ2747720zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors James E. Baumgartner, Andras Hajnal

Publication date 8 October 2002

Published in The Journal of Symbolic Logic (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.2307/2695046

zbMATH Keywords

infinite cardinals polarized partition relation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Partition relations (03E02)

Review text

Let \(\kappa\), \(\lambda\), \(\mu\), \(\nu\) be infinite cardinals. Then the polarized partition relation \(\left(\begin{smallmatrix} \kappa\\ \lambda\end{smallmatrix}\right)\to \left(\begin{smallmatrix} \mu\\ \nu\end{smallmatrix}\right)_\rho\) means the following: For every \(f:\kappa\times \lambda\to\rho\) there are \(A\subseteq\kappa\) and \(B\subseteq\lambda\) such that \(|A|= \mu\) and \(|B|=\nu\) and \(f\) is constant on \(A\times B\). If here \(\rho\) is replaced by \(<\rho\) then the meaning is \(\left(\begin{smallmatrix}\kappa\\ \lambda\end{smallmatrix}\right)\to \left(\begin{smallmatrix} \mu\\ \nu\end{smallmatrix}\right)_\tau\) for all \(\tau< \rho\). \(\left(\begin{smallmatrix}\kappa\\ \lambda\end{smallmatrix}\right)\to \left(\begin{smallmatrix} \mu_0 & \nu_0\\ \nu_0 &\nu_1\end{smallmatrix}\right)\) means: For any \(f:\kappa\times \lambda\to 2\) there are \(A\subseteq\kappa\) and \(B\subseteq\lambda\) such that for some \(i< 2\) we have \(|A|= \mu_i\), \(|B|= \nu_i\) and \(fA\times B= \{i\}\). Finally \(\left(\begin{smallmatrix} \kappa\\ \lambda\end{smallmatrix}\right)\to \left(\begin{smallmatrix} \mu_0\\ \nu_0\end{smallmatrix} \left(\begin{smallmatrix}\mu_1\\ \nu_1\end{smallmatrix}\right)_\rho\right)\) means: For any \(f:\kappa\times \lambda\to 1+\rho\) there are \(A\subseteq\kappa\) and \(B\subseteq \lambda\) such that either \(|A|= \mu_0\) and \(|B|= \nu_0\) and \(fA\times B= \{0\}\) or else there is \(i> 0\) such that \(|A|= \mu_1\), \(|B|= \nu_1\), and \(fA\times B= \{i\}\).NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEThe main result is now: NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\left(\begin{matrix} (2^{<\kappa})^{++}\\ (2^{<\kappa})^+\end{matrix}\right)\to \left(\begin{matrix} 2^{<\kappa}\\ (2^{<\kappa})^+\end{matrix} \left(\begin{matrix} \kappa\\ \kappa\end{matrix}\right)_{< \text{cf }\kappa}\right).NEWLINE\]NEWLINE If \(\kappa\) is regular this result is optimal.NEWLINENEWLINENEWLINEAnother main theorem states: If \(\kappa\) is a weakly compact cardinal then \(\left(\begin{smallmatrix} \kappa^+\\ \kappa\end{smallmatrix}\right)\to \left(\begin{smallmatrix} \kappa\\ \kappa\end{smallmatrix}\right)_{< \kappa}\) and also \(\left(\begin{smallmatrix} \kappa^+\\ \kappa\end{smallmatrix}\right)\to \left(\begin{smallmatrix} \kappa+1\\ \kappa\end{smallmatrix}\right)_{<\kappa}\). This theorem generalizes former results of \textit{G. V. Choodnovsky} [Infinite and finite sets, Colloq. Hon. P. Erdős, Keszthely 1973, Colloq. Math. Soc. János Bolyai 10, 289-306 (1975; Zbl 0324.02066)], \textit{K. Wolfsdorf} [Arch. Math. Logik Grundlagenforsch. 20, 161-171 (1980; Zbl 0471.03046)] and \textit{A. Kanamori} [Logic colloquium '80, Eur. Summer Meet., Prague 1980, Stud. Logic Found. Math. 108, 153-172 (1982; Zbl 0495.03033)].

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