Polynomial interpolation over quaternions

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Abstract: Interpolation theory for complex polynomials is well understood. In the non-commutative quaternionic setting, the polynomials can be evaluated "on the left" and "on the right". If the interpolation problem involves interpolation conditions of the same (left or right) type, the results are very much similar to the complex case: a consistent problem has a unique solution of a low degree (less than the number of interpolation conditions imposed), and the solution set of the homogeneous problem is an ideal in the ring mathbbH[z]. The problem containing both "left" and "right" interpolation conditions is quite different: there may exist infinitely many low-degree solutions and the solution set of the homogeneous problem is a quasi-ideal in mathbbH[z].


The author studies the Lagrange interpolation problem for polynomials over the skew field of real quaternions. A two-sided Lagrange problem is formulated: NEWLINE\[NEWLINE\begin{aligned} &\sum_{k=0}^n \alpha^k_{i} f_k =c_i\quad \text{ for} \quad i=1,\ldots,n\quad \\ &\sum_{k=0}^n \beta^k_{j} f_k =d_j\quad \text{for} \quad j=1,\ldots,m\quad \end{aligned} NEWLINE\]NEWLINE with data sets \(\{\alpha_1,\ldots,\alpha_n\}\) and \(\{\beta_1,\ldots,\beta_m\}\). For its unique solution, quaternionic polynomials (left,right), their zeros, minimal polynomials, conjugacy classes are introduced. Necessary conditions are formulated, which can be assumed without loss of generality. The solvability is given in terms of certain Sylvester equations with relations to some backward-shift operators in the ring of real quaternionic polynomials. More difficult is the problem with both ``left and ``right interpolation conditions. It is shown that there can exist infinitely many low-degree solutions. In the homogeneous case, the solution set forms a quasi-ideal in the ring of real quaternionic polynomials. One should note that in [\textit{K. Gürlebeck} and \textit{W. Sprößig}, Quaternionic analysis and elliptic boundary value problems. Berlin: Akademie-Verlag (1989; Zbl 0699.35007)] a quaternionic holomorphic (one-sided) Lagrange polynomial was constructed.











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