Polytopal linear groups
automorphism groupsgraded automorphismshomogeneous elementslattice pointsnormal forms of elementsprojective toric varietiessemigroup algebras
Actions of groups on commutative rings; invariant theory (13A50) Toric varieties, Newton polyhedra, Okounkov bodies (14M25) Ordinary and skew polynomial rings and semigroup rings (16S36) Graded rings and modules (associative rings and algebras) (16W50) Other geometric groups, including crystallographic groups (20H15) Semigroup rings, multiplicative semigroups of rings (20M25) Lattice polytopes in convex geometry (including relations with commutative algebra and algebraic geometry) (52B20)
Let \(P\) be a convex \(n\)-dimensional polytope in \(\mathbb{R}^n\) with vertices in \(\mathbb{Z}^n\). It is also assumed that the lattice points of \(P\) generate the whole group \(\mathbb{Z}^n\). The additive subsemigroup of \(\mathbb{Z}^{n+1}\) generated by \(\{(x,1)\mid x\in P\cap\mathbb{Z}^n\}\) is denoted by \(S_P\). The semigroup algebra \(K[S_P]\) over a field \(K\) is graded in a natural way, with \(S_P\) consisting of homogeneous elements and the lattice points of \(P\) yielding degree 1 elements of \(S_P\). The paper is concerned with the group \(\Gamma_K(P)\) of graded automorphisms of the algebra \(K[S_P]\). These groups can be identified with certain closed subgroups of \(\text{GL}_N(K)\) where \(N\) is the cardinality of \(P\cap\mathbb{Z}^n\). The main theorem establishes existence of a (non-unique) normal form of elements of \(\Gamma_K(P)\) as a composition of toric and elementary automorphisms and symmetries of \(P\). This is a generalization of the fact that elements of \(\text{GL}_n(K)\), viewed as the automorphism group of the polynomial ring \(K[x_1,\dots,x_n]\), are products of elementary matrices, diagonal matrices and permutation matrices. A description of the automorphism group of an arbitrary projective toric variety is derived.
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