Positive solutions for doubly nonlocal boundary value problem with time-varying convolution coefficients
convolution coefficientsfixed pointnonlocal boundary conditionnonlocal differential equationpositive solution
Implicit ordinary differential equations, differential-algebraic equations (34A09) Nonlocal and multipoint boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B10) Positive solutions to nonlinear boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations (34B18) Positive solutions of integral equations (45M20) Degree theory for nonlinear operators (47H11)
The authors establish the existence of at least one positive solution for a class of second-order nonlocal boundary value problems with a nonlinear term depending on the derivative, namely,\N\[\N\left\{\begin{array}{l} -M((b *(g \circ u))(t))\, u^{\prime \prime}(t)=f\left(t, u(t), u^{\prime}(t)\right), \quad t \in(0,1), \\\Nu(0)=\beta[u], \quad u^{\prime}(1)=0 . \end{array}\right.\N\]\NHere, the functional \(\beta[u]:=\int_0^1 u(s)\,\mathrm{d} B(s)\) is a positive linear functional defined via a Riemann-Stieltjes integral, where \(B\) is a nonnegative and nondecreasing function. The notation \((a * b)(t)\) denotes the finite convolution of two functions \(a, b \in L^1(0, \infty)\), defined by\N\[\N(a * b)(t):=\int_0^t a(t-s)\, b(s)\, \mathrm{d} s, \quad t \geq 0.\N\]\NUnder suitable assumptions on the functions \(f\) and \(B\), the authors show that the solutions of the problem coincide with the fixed points of the operator \(T: C^1[0,1] \rightarrow C^1[0,1]\) defined by\N\[\N(T u)(t)=\int_0^1(M((b *(g \circ u))(s)))^{-1} G(t, s)\, f\left(s, u(s), u^{\prime}(s)\right)\, \mathrm{d} s, \quad t \in[0,1],\N\]\Nwhere \(G\) denotes the corresponding Green's function.\N\NThe existence result is obtained by means of topological degree theory. Finally, several examples are provided to illustrate the applicability of the theoretical results.
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