Nonzero positive solutions of a multi-parameter elliptic system with functional BCs

Positive solutions to PDEs (35B09) Second-order elliptic systems (35J47) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic systems (35J57) Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60) Fixed-point theorems (47H10)

Abstract: We prove, by topological methods, new results on the existence of nonzero positive weak solutions for a class of multi-parameter second order elliptic systems subject to functional boundary conditions. The setting is fairly general and covers the case of multi-point, integral and nonlinear boundary conditions. We also present a non-existence result. We provide some examples to illustrate the applicability our theoretical results.

Review text

Let \(\Omega\) be a regular bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^m\) (\(m\geq 2\)), let \(I=\prod_{i=1}^n [0,\rho_i]\) be a compact rectangle in \(\mathbb{R}^n\), and let \(f_i\in C(\Omega\times I)\), \(b_i\in C^{1+\mu}(\partial \Omega)\), \(i=1,\dots,n\), be nonnegative functions, with \(\mu \in (0,1)\). The author considers the following system involving functional boundary conditions: \[ \begin{cases} -L_i u_i=\lambda_i f_i(x,u(x)), \ \ \ &x\in \Omega, \ \ i=1,\dots,n,\\ b_i(x)u(x)+\delta_i \frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu}(x)=\eta_i h_i[u], \quad &x\in \partial \Omega, \ \ i=1,\dots,n. \end{cases} \] Here, for each \(i=1,\dots,n\), \(L_i\) is a strongly uniformly elliptic operator with Hölder continuous coefficients, \(\lambda_i,\eta_i\) are positive parameters, and \(h_i\) are continuous nonnegative functions defined on the set \(\{u\in C(\overline{\Omega},\mathbb{R}^n_+): \ u(\overline{\Omega})\subseteq I\}\). Moreover, \(\nu\) is an outward pointing and nowhere tangent vector field on \(\partial \Omega\) of class \(C^{1+\mu}\). Under some additional condition, an existence result of nonzero weak solutions \(u=(u_1,\dots,u_n)\in C(\overline{\Omega},I)\) with nonnegative components \(u_i\) is proved applying a classical fixed point theorem.

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