Probabilistically nilpotent groups of class two

Abstract: For

G

a finite group, let

d_{2} (G)

denote the proportion of triples

(x, y, z) i n G^{3}

such that

[x, y, z] = 1

. We determine the structure of finite groups

G

such that

d_{2} (G)

is bounded away from zero: if

d_{2} (G) g e q e p s i l o n > 0

,

G

has a class-4 nilpotent normal subgroup

H

such that

[G : H]

and

| g a m m a_{4} (H) |

are both bounded in terms of

e p s i l o n

. We also show that if

G

is an infinite group whose commutators have boundedly many conjugates, or indeed if

G

satisfies a certain more general commutator covering condition, then

G

is finite-by-class-3-nilpotent-by-finite.

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