Projections of codimension two embeddings
Using analogies from classical knot theory, the author studies smooth embeddings of compact \(n\)-dimensional manifolds in Euclidean \((n+2)\)-space \(\mathbb R^{n+2}\) (or in the \((n+2)\)-sphere \(S^{n+2}\)). He calls such embeddings knottings, and the corresponding ambient isotopy class he calls a knot. In his terminology, a knotting \(f: M^n\rightarrow \mathbb R^{n+2}\) is in general position with respect to the projection \(\pi: \mathbb R^{n+2}\rightarrow \mathbb R^{n+1}, \pi(x_1,\dots,x_{n+1},x_{n+2})=(x_1,\dots,x_{n+1})\), if \(\pi\circ f: M^n\rightarrow \mathbb R^{n+1}\) is a generic map (basically, if certain conditions of self-transversality are satisfied). The author proves that any knotting is isotopic to one which is in general position with respect to \(\pi\). Since, in higher dimensions, generic projections of knottings are not necessarily immersions, he studies maps with {``well behaved} sets of non-immersion points. After examining the geometry of projections, he proves that any smooth knotting of an orientable \(n\)-dimensional manifold in \(\mathbb R^{n+2}\) is smoothly isotopic to one whose projection into \(\mathbb R^{n+1}\) is an immersion. As a corollary, he obtains an elementary geometric proof of the well-known fact [see \textit{W. S. Massey}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 10, 959-964 (1959; Zbl 0094.36002)] that an orientable \(n\)-dimensional manifold smoothly embedded in \(\mathbb R^{n+2}\) has trivial normal bundle. The author remarks that the results of this paper have applications to the study of isotopies of knots. For the entire collection see [Zbl 0959.00034].
- Singularities of the projections of n-dimensional knots
- UNKNOTTING OF PSEUDO-RIBBON n-KNOTS
- THE PROJECTIONS OF n-KNOTS WHICH ARE NOT THE PROJECTION OF ANY UNKNOTTED KNOT
- Any smooth knot \(\mathbb S^{n} \hookrightarrow \mathbb R^{n+2}\) is isotopic to a cubic knot contained in the canonical scaffolding of \(\mathbb R^{n+2}\)
- Elementary moves for higher dimensional knots
- Syzygies among elementary string interactions in 2+1 dimensions
- Knotting codimension 2 submanifolds locally
- k-codimensional projection bodies
- Any smooth knot \(\mathbb S^{n} \hookrightarrow \mathbb R^{n+2}\) is isotopic to a cubic knot contained in the canonical scaffolding of \(\mathbb R^{n+2}\)
- Virtual links in arbitrary dimensions
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 66909 (Why is no real title available?)
- THE PROJECTIONS OF n-KNOTS WHICH ARE NOT THE PROJECTION OF ANY UNKNOTTED KNOT
- Cocycle invariants of codimension 2 embeddings of manifolds
- Path to homology of Yang-Baxter operators
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