Proper Lie groupoids are real analytic
Proper Lie groupoids generalize proper actions as well as foliations with nice holonomy properties. They have been studied extensively [\textit{M. Crainic} et al., J. Reine Angew. Math. 756, 101--149 (2019; Zbl 1432.53116); Regular Poisson manifolds of compact types. Paris: SMF (2019; Zbl 1437.53003); \textit{M. Crainic} and \textit{I. Struchiner}, Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 46, No. 5, 723--746 (2013; Zbl 1286.53080)]. The paper under review gives a proof of Hilbert's fifth problem for proper Lie groupoids. Namely, it is shown that every proper Lie groupoid admits a real analytic structure. An immediate consequence of this result is that the underlying foliation is locally diffeomorphic to the foliation about the zero section of a real analytic vector bundle arising from a linear action of a compact Lie group. In particular, for Poisson manifolds this is the coadjoint representation.The proof generalizes the iterated averaging step of \textit{Nguyen Tien Zung}'s linearization theorem [Ann. Sci. Éc. Norm. Supér. (4) 39, No. 5, 841--869 (2006; Zbl 1163.22001)], which generalizes the classical Bochner theorem. In particular, the author develops an averaging scheme for local holomorphic groupoids. An adaptation of the Weyl unitary trick provides the appropriate Haar densities which are necessary for the averaging process.
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