The smallest Dirac eigenvalue in a spin-conformal class and cmc immersions

, then the infimum is attained on the enlarged conformal class. For proving this, we have to solve a system of semi-linear partial differential equations involving a nonlinearity with critical exponent:

Dphi= lambda |phi|^{2/(n-1)}phi.

The solution of this problem has many analogies to the solution of the Yamabe problem. However, our reasoning is more involved than in the Yamabe problem as the eigenvalues of the Dirac operator tend to

+ i n f t y

and

- i n f t y

. Using the Weierstrass{} representation, the solution of this equation in dimension 2 provides a tool for constructing new periodic constant mean curvature surfaces.

Review text

Let \([g_0]\) be the conformal class of a Riemannian metric and let \(\sigma\) be a spin structure on a compact manifold \(M\) of dimension \(n\geq2\). Let \(\lambda_1^\pm(g)\) be the first non-zero positive/negative eigenvalues of a metric \(g\in[g_0]\). Let \[ \lambda_{\min}^+(M,[g_0],\sigma):=\inf_{g\in[g_0]}\lambda_1^+(g) vol(M,g)^{1/n}\,. \] It is known that \(\lambda^+_{\min}\) is positive. The author examines the question of realizing the infimum. He replaces the conformal class \([g_0]\) by its \(L^\infty\) completion \(\bar{[g_0]}\). Assume that \(\lambda_{\min}^+(M,g_0,\sigma)<\lambda_{\min}^+(S^n)\). He shows that the minimum is attained by a generalized metric of the form \(g:=|\phi|^{4/(n-1)}g_0\) where \(\phi\) is a spinor of regularity \(C^2\). Such minimizers give rise to periodic branched conformal cmc immersions and has relations to the Yamabi problem. A similar result holds for \(\lambda_1^-\) where one replaces \(\lambda_1^+\) by \(|\lambda_1^-|\).

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