A characterization of C(X) among algebras on planar sets by the existence of a finite universal Korovkin system
Algebras of holomorphic functions of several complex variables (32A38) Polynomial convexity, rational convexity, meromorphic convexity in several complex variables (32E20) Holomorphic, polynomial and rational approximation, and interpolation in several complex variables; Runge pairs (32E30) Approximation by positive operators (41A36) Abstract approximation theory (approximation in normed linear spaces and other abstract spaces) (41A65)
A subset T of a uniform algebra A is called a universal Korovkin system for A, iff for every uniform algebra B, every unital algebra homomorphism \(L: A\to B\) and every net \(L_{\alpha}: A\to B\) of linear contractions, the convergence \(L_{\alpha}g\to Lg\) (g\(\in T)\) already implies the convergence \(L_{\alpha}f\to Lf\) for every \(f\in A.\) Let X be a compact subset of \({\mathbb{C}}\). Then a well-known version of the classical Korovkin theorem yields the existence of a finite universal Korovkin system T for the algebra C(X) of all continuous \({\mathbb{C}}\)-valued functions on X, namely \(T=\{1,z,| z| ^ 2\}\). The purpose of the paper is to show that this property in fact characterizes C(X) among the following uniform algebras associated with \(X: P(X)=\{f\in C(X):\) f can be approximated uniformly on X by polynomials\(\}\) ; \(R(X)=\{f\in C(X):\) f can be approximated uniformly on X by rational functions with poles off \(X\}\) ; \(A(X)=\{f\in C(X):\) f is holomorphic on the interior of \(X\}\). Suppose that A is one of these uniform algebras. Then it is shown that A possesses a finite universal Korovkin system iff \(A=C(X)\). As an application, the algebra C(X) (X\(\subset {\mathbb{C}}\) compact, polynomially convex and nowhere dense) is characterized as the only singly generated uniform algebra possessing a finite universal Korovkin system.
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