A necessary and sufficient condition for triangulability of derivations of k [X,Y,Z]
Soient \(k\) un corps de caractéristique 0 et \(R=\mathbb{R}^{[n]}\) l'anneau de polynômes en \(n\) variables sur \(k\), une \(k\)-dérivation \(D:R\to R\) est dite localement nilpotente si pour tout \(x\in R\) il existe \(s\in\mathbb{N}^*\) tel que \(D^s(x)=0\), elle est dite triangulable s'il existe un système de coordonnées \(X=(X_1,\dots,X_n)\) de \(R\) tel que \(D(X_i)\in k[X_1,\dots,X_{i-1}]\) pour \(i=1,\dots,n\). Enfin, une telle dérivation de rang \(r\) est dite rigide si et seulement si pour tout système de coordonnées \(X\) (resp. \(X')\) satisfaisant \(k(X_1,\dots,X_{n-r}]\subset\text{ker }D\) (resp. \(k[X_1',\dots,X_{n-r}']\subset\text{ker }D)\) on a \(k[X_1,\dots,X_{n-r}]=k[X_1',\dots,X_{n-r}']\). Lorsque \(n=3\), l'auteur montre que toutes les dérivations localement nilpotentes sont rigides. Il en déduit un critère pour décider si une \(k\)-dérivation de \(R^{[3]}\) est triangulable ou non. En particulier, il exhibe deux dérivations dont les images coincident, l'une étant triangulable et l'autre pas.
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