Endpoint bounds for an analytic family of Hilbert transforms

\(L^ p\) boundedness Calderón-Zygmund theory convolution operators curvature in harmonic analysis Fourier transform of compactly supported surface distributions interpolation singular integrals along submanifolds

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Singular and oscillatory integrals (Calderón-Zygmund, etc.) (42B20) (H^p)-spaces (42B30) Special integral transforms (Legendre, Hilbert, etc.) (44A15) Integral transforms in distribution spaces (46F12)

Review text

The role of curvature in harmonic analysis has received increasing attention in recent years. The point of departure for work in this area has been the connection between submanifolds of \(\mathbb{R}^ n\) and decay of the Fourier transform of compactly supported surface distributions. Such decay estimates fail for submanifolds contained completely in some hyperplane and in general the ``amount of curvature of the submanifold is related to the rate of decay of the Fourier transform of the distribution. Well-known operators whose \(L^ p\) boundedness is affected by curvature are singular integrals along submanifolds of \(\mathbb{R}^ n\). Consider, for example, the case of an operator given by convolution with a distribution which is singular along a submanifold of codimension 1. Certain distributions give rise to convolution operators which are bounded on some but not all \(L^ p\). If a distribution depends analytically on a parameter \(z\), for a given \(z\), what is the set of all \(p\)'s for which the associated operator is bounded on \(L^ p\)? We study the case where the analytic family of distributions is obtained by taking \(-z-1\) transverse derivatives of arclength measure on the parabola and doing so in a homogeneous way. For \(1<p\leq 2\), the operators \(H_ z\) are easily seen to be unbounded on \(L^ p\) when \(\text{Re }z<1/p-2\), and one can show using Calderón-Zygmund theory and interpolation that \(H_ z\) are bounded on \(L^ p\) when the above inequality is reversed. For the critical \(z=1/p-2+i\theta\) the kernel of \(H_ z\) lacks the amount of smoothness required by the usual singular integral theory to establish \(L^ p\) boundedness. Nevertheless, the curvature of the parabola makes up for this lack of smoothness and enables us to prove positive results when the usual methods do not apply. For \(p=1\) we prove that these operators map \(H^ 1\) to weak \(L^ 1\) and for \(1<p<2\) that they map \(L^ p\) to weak \(L^ p\). We also prove tht the first result is sharp in the sense that for \(p=1\) all these operators, except one, do not map \(L^ 1\) to weak \(L^ 1\).

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