Sums of two squares in analytic rings
We study analytic singularities for which every positive semidefinite analytic function is a sum of two squares of analytic functions. This is a basic useful property of the plane, but difficult to check in other cases; in particular, what about \(z^2=xy\), \(z^2=yx^2-y^3\), \(z^2= x^3+y^4\) or \(z^2= x^3-xy^3\)? In fact, the unique positive examples we can find are the Brieskorn singularity, the union of two planes in 3-space and the Whitney umbrella. Conversely, we prove that a complete intersection with that property (other than the seven embedded surfaces already mentioned) must be a very simple deformation of the two latter, namely, \[ z^2= x^2+(-1)^k y^k,\;k\geq 3,\quad \text{or} \quad z^2=yx^2 +(-1)^ky^k,\;k\geq 4. \] In particular, except for the stems \(z^2=x^2\) and \(z^2=yx^2\), all singularities are real rational double points.
- Analytic surface germs with minimal Pythagoras number
- Representation of positive semidefinite elements as sum of squares in 2-dimensional local rings
- Sums of squares in Macaulay2
- Positive semidefinite analytic functions on real analytic surfaces
- On sums of squares in local rings
- Sums of squares in real analytic rings
- On the positive extension property and Hilbert's 17th problem for real analytic sets
- Sums of squares in real rings
- Continuous functions on the plane regular after one blowing-up
- On the Pythagoras numbers of real analytic set germs
- On the Pythagoras numbers of real analytic rings
- Positive semidefinite germs on the cone.
- Weighted sums of squares in local rings and their completions. I
- Weighted sums of squares in local rings and their completions. II
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