Global bifurcation results for semilinear elliptic equations on R^N: The Fredholm case

DOI10.1006/JDEQ.1997.3346MaRDI QIDQ1382702zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 17 November 1998

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1006/jdeq.1997.3346

branch of positive solutions degree theory global bifurcation Poincaré's inequality principal eigenvalue

Bifurcations in context of PDEs (35B32) Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60) Nonlinear eigenvalue problems and nonlinear spectral theory for PDEs (35P30) Degree theory for nonlinear operators (47H11)

Review text

The nonlinear eigenvalue problem \[ -\Delta u=\lambda g(x)f(u)\quad \text{in } \mathbb{R}^N\;(N\geq 3),\;0<u<1,\;\lim_{| x|\to 0} u(x)=0 \] is studied. Here \(g\) is an \(L^\infty\) smooth function such that \(g(x)>0\) on \(\Omega^+\) with \(| \Omega^+ |>0\) and there exist \(k\), \(R_0>0\) such that \(g(x) <-k\) if \(| x| >R_0\), and \(f:[0,1] \to\mathbb{R}^+\) is a smooth function such that \(f(0)=f(1) =0\), \(f'(0) >0\) \(f'(1) <0\) and \(f(u) >0\) if \(u\in (0,1)\), satisfying additional regularity conditions. The main result states that under these assumptions, and if \(N= 3,4,5\), a global bifurcation theorem of Rabinowitz's type holds, giving the existence of a branch of positive solutions such that \(0<u<1\). In Section 2 the problem is settled in the framework of Sobolev spaces and an extension of Poincaré's inequality is proved. The associated eigenvalue problem is considered in Section 3 and the existence of a principal eigenvalue with a positive eigenfunction in \(H^2\) is shown. The existence of a local branch of positive solutions is proved in Section 4 by using Crandall-Rabinowitz's theorem. The difficulty raised by the noncompactness of the Fredholm operators involved is overcomed in Section 5 by using an extension of degree theory due to Dancer and an important result concerning the compactness of the solution set is given in Section 6. Finally, Section 7 is devoted to the main bifurcation theorem and some complementary results.

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