A timelike extension of Fermat's principle in general relativity and applications

DOI10.1063/1.1415428zbMATH Open0912.58009arXivmath-ph/9906023OpenAlexW2061719372MaRDI QIDQ1384669FDOQ1384669

Authors: Fabio Giannoni, Antonio Masiello, Paolo Piccione 

Publication date: 5 May 1999

Published in: Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations, Journal of Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this paper we use a general version of Fermat's principle for light rays in General Relativity and a curve shortening method to write the Morse relations for light rays joining an event with a smooth timelike curve in a Lorentzian manifold with boundary. As a physical meaning, one can apply the Morse relations to have a mathematical description of the "gravitational lens effect" in a very general context.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/math-ph/9906023

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zbMATH Keywords

Lorentzian manifoldvariational principletimelike geodesics

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Equations of motion in general relativity and gravitational theory (83C10) Geodesics in global differential geometry (53C22) Variational problems in applications to the theory of geodesics (problems in one independent variable) (58E10) Applications of variational problems in infinite-dimensional spaces to the sciences (58E50) General relativity (83C99)

Cites Work

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• On Fermat's principle in general relativity. I. The general case
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• Convexity and the finiteness of the number of geodesics. Applications to the multiple-image effect
• A timelike extension of Fermat's principle in general relativity and applications
• A general-relativistic Fermat principle for extended light sources and extended receivers
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• A Fermat principle on Lorentzian manifolds and applications
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Cited In (21)

• Genericity of nondegeneracy for light rays in stationary spacetimes
• The astronomical refraction and the Fermat's principle
• An intrinsic Fermat principle on stationary Lorentzian manifolds and applications.
• The arrival time brachistochrones in general relativity.
• Geodesics with prescribed energy on static Lorentzian manifolds with convex boundary
• Wind Finslerian structures: from Zermelo's navigation to the causality of spacetimes
• On the energy functional on Finsler manifolds and applications to stationary spacetimes
• Fixed energy solutions to the Euler-Lagrange equations of an indefinite Lagrangian with affine Noether charge
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• On Fermat's principle for causal curves in time oriented Finsler spacetimes
• A different method for calculation of the deflection angle of light passing close to a massive object by Fermat's principle
• A Fermat principle for stationary space-times and applications to light rays
• A note on the boundary of a static Lorentzian manifold.
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Application of Morse theory to gravitational lensing
• Functional regularity properties for light rays in general relativity
• Existence and multiplicity results for massive particles trajectories in a universe with boundary
• Morse theory of causal geodesics in a stationary spacetime via Morse theory of geodesics of a Finsler metric
• Geodesics in stationary spacetimes and classical Lagrangian systems
• On Fermat's principle in general relativity. I. The general case
• A timelike extension of Fermat's principle in general relativity and applications

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