Gromov hyperbolicity and the Kobayashi metric on strictly pseudoconvex domains

Invariant metrics and pseudodistances in several complex variables (32F45) Hyperbolic and Kobayashi hyperbolic manifolds (32Q45) Strongly pseudoconvex domains (32T15) Global geometric and topological methods (à la Gromov); differential geometric analysis on metric spaces (53C23)

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Let \(\Omega\) be a bounded strictly pseudoconvex domain in \({\mathbb C}^n, n\geq 2\), with \(C^2\)-smooth bondary. For any \(x\in\Omega\) choose a point \(\pi(x)\in\partial\Omega\) such that \(|x-\pi(x)|=\text{dist}(x,\partial\Omega)\) and, for \(x,y\in\Omega\), set \[ g(x,y)=2\log \left[{d_H(\pi(x),\pi(y))+ \max(\text{dist}(x,\partial\Omega)^{1/2}, \text{dist}(y,\partial\Omega)^{1/2})\over \sqrt{\text{dist}(x,\partial\Omega)^{1/2}\text{dist}(y,\partial\Omega)^{1/2}}}\right] \] where \(d_H\) is the Carnot-Carathéodory metric on \(\partial\Omega\). The authors prove that there exists a constant \(C\geq 0\) such that the Kobayashi distance \(d_K\) on \(\Omega\) satisfies the global estimates \[ g(x,y)-C\leq d_K(x,y)\leq g(x,y)+ C \tag \(*\) \] for \(x,y\in\Omega\). In fact this is a consequence of a more general result which asserts that if a Finsler metric \(F\) on \(\Omega\) satisfies certain local estimates near \(\partial\Omega\), the associated distance function \(d_F\) satisfies the global estimates \((*)\). Applying the estimates \((*)\), the authors prove that the metric space \((\Omega,d_K)\) is hyperbolic in the sense of M. Gromov and the boundary \(\partial_{G}\Omega\) of \((\Omega,d_K)\) as a Gromov hyperbolic space can be identified with the Euclidean boundary \(\partial\Omega\); moreover the Carnot-Carathéodory metric \(d_H\) on \(\partial\Omega\) lies in the canonical class of snowflake equivalent metrics on \(\partial_{G}\Omega\). This allows one to use general facts of the theory of Gromov hyperbolic space for studying strictly pseudoconvex domains. In particular, one can obtain in this way the well-known result that any proper holomorphic map between bounded strictly pseudoconvex domains extends continuously to the closure of the domains; actually, as the authors observe, the extension is Lipschitz with respect to the Carnot-Carathéodory metric on the boundaries.

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