A characterization of exponential and ordinary generating functions

DOI10.1006/JCTA.2001.3196MaRDI QIDQ1601433zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 13 October 2002

Published in Journal of Combinatorial Theory. Series A (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1006/jcta.2001.3196

Bell polynomials characterization Comtet polynomials convolution polynomials generating functions Hankel matrix moments

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45)

Review text

This paper deals with the question why, of all possible generating functions, the ordinary and exponential generating functions are special. Let \(\Omega=(\omega_0,\omega_1,\dots)\) be a sequence of reals and \({\mathbf a}=(a_0,a_1,\dots)\) a sequence of complex numbers. Then \[ \Omega_{\mathbf a}(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}a_n \omega_n z^n \] is called the \(\Omega\)-generating function of \(\mathbf a\). Without loss of generality it may be assumed that \(\omega_0=\omega_1=1\). The two choices of \(\Omega\) corresponding to the ordinary and exponential generating function are \(\Omega=(1,1,1,1,\dots)=:O\) and \(\Omega=(1,1,1/2!,1/3!,\dots)=:E\), respectively. Given \(\Omega\) and \({\mathbf x}=(x_1,x_2,\dots)\) the \(n\)th Comtet polynomial \(C_n^{\Omega}({\mathbf x})\) is defined through \[ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}C_n^{\Omega}({\mathbf x})\omega_n z^n =\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\Bigl(\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} x_k\omega_k z^k\Bigr)^n \omega_n. \] Hence the ordinary and exponential Comtet polynomials are given by \[ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}C_n^O({\mathbf x}) z^n ={1\over 1-\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} x_k z^k} \qquad \text{ and } \qquad \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}C_n^E({\mathbf x}) {z^n \over n!} =\exp\Bigl(\sum_{k=1}^{\infty} x_k {z^k\over k!}\Bigr). \] A sequence of polynomials \(P_n({\mathbf x})\) is called Hankel mean-independent if \(\det(P_{i+j}({\mathbf x}))_{i,j=0}^n\) does not depend on \(x_1\) for all \(n\geq 0\). The main result of the paper is that of the Comtet polynomials only the ordinary and exponential ones are Hankel mean-independent (up to normalization of \(\omega_2\)).

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