BPS operators in N=4 SO(N) super Yang-Mills theory: plethysms, dominoes and words

DOI10.1007/JHEP11(2018)035zbMATH Open1404.81260arXiv1804.11090MaRDI QIDQ1635136FDOQ1635136

Authors: Christopher Lewis-Brown, Sanjaye Ramgoolam 

Publication date: 18 December 2018

Published in: Journal of High Energy Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: Permutations and associated algebras allow the construction of half and quarter BPS operators in maximally supersymmetric Yang Mills theory with $U(N)$, $SO(N)$ and $Sp(N)$ gauge groups. The construction leads to bases for the operators, labelled by Young diagrams and associated group theory data, which have been shown to be orthogonal under the inner product defined by the free field two-point functions. In this paper, we study in detail the orientifold projection map between the Young diagram basis for $U(N)$ theories and the Young diagram basis for $SO(N)$ (and $Sp(N)$) half-BPS operators. We find a simple connection between this map and the plethystic refinement of the Littlewood Richardson coefficients which couple triples of Young diagrams where two of them are identical. This plethystic refinement is known to be computable using an algorithm based on domino tilings of Young diagrams. We discuss the domino combinatorics of the orientifold projection map in terms of giant graviton branes. The permutation construction of $SO(N)$ operators is used to find large N generating functions. The structure of these generating functions is elucidated using the combinatorics of words, organised according to their periodicity. Aperiodic words in the $U(N)$ theory are Lyndon words and an $SO(N)$ analogue of Lyndon words is defined using a minimal periodicity condition. We calculate the normalization factor for the orthogonal basis of Young diagram operators in the baryonic sector of $SO(N)$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.11090

Recommendations

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zbMATH Keywords

Young diagram1/N expansionAdS-CFT correspondenceD-branes

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Yang-Mills and other gauge theories in mechanics of particles and systems (70S15) Two-dimensional field theories, conformal field theories, etc. in quantum mechanics (81T40) Supersymmetric field theories in quantum mechanics (81T60)

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Cited In (8)

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• Multi-trace correlators from permutations as moduli space
• Counting BPS Operators in the Chiral Ring—the Plethystic Story
• The SAGEX review on scattering amplitudes Chapter 8: Half BPS correlators
• A generalized dominance ordering for 1/2-BPS states
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• Coherent state excitations and string-added coherent states in gauge-gravity correspondence
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Uses Software

• OEIS

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