A dichotomy property for locally compact groups

General properties and structure of locally compact groups (22D05) Unitary representations of locally compact groups (22D10) Duality theorems for locally compact groups (22D35) Character groups and dual objects (43A40) Special sets (thin sets, Kronecker sets, Helson sets, Ditkin sets, Sidon sets, etc.) (43A46) Topological groups (topological aspects) (54H11)

Abstract: We extend to metrizable locally compact groups Rosenthal's theorem describing those Banach spaces containing no copy of

l_{1}

. For that purpose, we transfer to general locally compact groups the notion of interpolation (

I_{0}

) set, which was defined by Hartman and Ryll-Nardzewsky [25] for locally compact abelian groups. Thus we prove that for every sequence

l b r a c e g_{n} b r a c e_{n < o m e g a}

in a locally compact group

G

, then either

l b r a c e g_{n} b r a c e_{n < o m e g a}

has a weak Cauchy subsequence or contains a subsequence that is an

I_{0}

set. This result is subsequently applied to obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of Sidon sets in a locally compact group

G

, an old question that remains open since 1974 (see [32] and [20]). Finally, we show that every locally compact group strongly respects compactness extending thereby a result by Comfort, Trigos-Arrieta, and Wu [13], who established this property for abelian locally compact groups.

Review text

The authors give, in metrizable locally compact groups, a version of Rosenthal's \(\ell_1\)-dichotomy theorem. For \(G\) a locally compact group, the authors define the weak topology on \(G\), that coincides with the Bohr topology when \(G\) is abelian. They extend to general locally compact groups, not necessarily abelian, the notion of \(I_0\)-set introduced in 1964 by Hartman and Ryll-Nardzewski in the abelian setting (see, for example \textit{C. C. Graham} and \textit{K. E. Hare} [Interpolation and Sidon sets for compact groups, CMS Books in Mathematics/Ouvrages de Mathématiques de la SMC, Series Profile (2013; Zbl 1267.43001)], Chapter 3), and they prove that every sequence in a metrizable locally compact group contains either a weak Cauchy subsequence or an \(I_0\) set. For that, they extend the Rosenthal dichotomy theorem (\textit{H. P. Rosenthal} [Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 71, 2411--2413 (1974; Zbl 0297.46013)]) and the Bourgain-Fremlin-Talagrand theorem (\textit{J. Bourgain} et al. [Am. J. Math. 100, 845--886 (1978; Zbl 0413.54016)]) to sequences of functions defined on a Polish space and with values in a metric space. They point out that the result fails without the assumption of metrizability, even in the compact case. Next, they define the notion of \textit{weak Sidon set} and, using the fact that \(I_0\) sets are weak Sidon, they obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of weak Sidon sets in locally compact groups. Whether every infinite discrete non-abelian group does contain a weak Sidon set is an old open question of Figà-Talamanca (1977). Finally, they show that every locally compact group respects compactness (see the paper under review for the definition), extending a result of \textit{W. W. Comfort} et al. [Fundam. Math. 143, No. 2, 119--136 (1993; Zbl 0812.22001)].

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