Homology of SL₂ over function fields. I: Parabolic subcomplexes

Group actions on varieties or schemes (quotients) (14L30) Groups acting on trees (20E08) Cohomology theory for linear algebraic groups (20G10) Linear algebraic groups over arbitrary fields (20G15) Equivariant homology and cohomology in algebraic topology (55N91) Homology and cohomology of Lie groups (57T10)

Abstract: The present paper studies the homology of the groups

S L_{2} (k [C])

and

G L_{2} (k [C])

where

C = o v e r l i n e C s e t m i n u s P_{1}, d o t s, P_{s}

is a smooth affine curve over an algebraically closed field

k

. It is well-known that these groups act on a product of trees and the quotients can be described in terms of certain equivalence classes of vector bundles on the complete curve. There is a natural subcomplex of cells with non-unipotent isotropy group. The paper provides explicit formulas for the equivariant homology of this "parabolic subcomplex". These formulas also describe the homology of

S L_{2} (k [C])

above degree s, with finite coefficients away from the characteristic of

k

, generalizing a result of Suslin for the case s=1.

Review text

The author provides interesting, useful calculations of a part of the group homology, with \(\mathbb{Z}[1/2]\) coefficients, of \(\mathrm{SL}_2(k[C])\) where \(C\) is an affine curve over the algebraically closed field \(k\). Let \(\bar{C}\) be a smooth projective curve over \(k\), let \(P_1,\dots, P_s\) be closed points of \(\bar{C}\) and let \(C\) be the affine curve \(\bar{C}\setminus\{ P_1,\dots, P_s\}\). Let \(\Gamma = \mathrm{SL}_2(k[C])\) and let \(\mathfrak{X}_C\) be the associated building. \(\mathfrak{X}_C\) is a product of trees \(\mathfrak{T}_1\times \cdots \times \mathfrak{T}_s\) where \(\mathfrak{T}_i\) is the tree of the valuation \(v_i\) associated to \(P_i\). The vertices of the orbit space \(\Gamma\backslash\mathfrak{X}_C\) are naturally indexed by certain equivalence classes of rank \(2\) vector bundles \(\mathcal{E}\) on \(\bar{C}\) whose restriction to \(C\) is trivial. The author introduces the \textit{parabolic subcomplex} \(\mathfrak{P}_C\) of \(\mathfrak{X}_C\) consisting of those cells whose stabilizer in \(\Gamma\) contains a non-central non-unipotent element. The orbits of the vertices of \(\mathfrak{P}_C\) are then precisely the equivalence classes of rank \(2\) bundles which decompose as a sum of line bundles. The quotient of \(\mathfrak{X}_C\) modulo the subcomplex \(\mathfrak{P}_C\) is denoted \(\mathfrak{U}_C\), the `unknown quotient'. There is thus a long exact sequence in equivariant homology \(\dots \to H_\bullet^{\Gamma}(\mathfrak{P}_C)\to H_\bullet(\Gamma)\to H_\bullet^{\Gamma}(\mathfrak{U}_C)\to \cdots\) (the middle term arising from the contractibility of \(\mathfrak{X}_C\)). The main result of the paper is then a computation of the equivariant homology groups \(H_\bullet^{\Gamma}(\mathfrak{P}_C, \mathbb{Z}[1/2])\) of the parabolic complex, obtained by carefully analysing the structure of the orbit space \(\Gamma\backslash \mathfrak{P}_C\) and the terms of the related isotropy spectral sequence: Let \(\iota\) denote the involution \([L]\mapsto [L^{-1}]\) of the Picard group \(\mathrm{Pic}(C)\). Then \(H_\bullet^{\Gamma}(\mathfrak{P}_C, \mathbb{Z}[1/2])\cong \bigoplus_{[L]\in \mathrm{Pic}(C)/\iota }H_\bullet^{\Gamma}(\mathfrak{P}_C(L),\mathbb{Z}[1/2])\). Here \(\mathfrak{P}_C(L)\) is the connected component of \(\mathfrak{P}_C\) corresponding to \([L]\) and the groups \(H_\bullet^{\Gamma}(\mathfrak{P}_C(L), \mathbb{Z}[1/2])\) can be described in an accessible way: If \(L|_C\not\cong L^{-1}|_C\) then \(H_\bullet^{\Gamma}(\mathfrak{P}_C(L), \mathbb{Z}[1/2])\cong H_\bullet(k[C]^\times, \mathbb{Z}[1/2])\), while if \(L|_C\cong L^{-1}|_C\) there is a long exact sequence of the form \(\dots \to H_\bullet(SN,\mathbb{Z}[1/2])\to H_\bullet^{\Gamma}(\mathfrak{P}_C(L), \mathbb{Z}[1/2])\to \mathcal{RP}^1_\bullet(k)\otimes_\mathbb{Z}\mathbb{Z}[1/2][k[C]^\times/(k[C]^\times)^2]\to \cdots\) where \(SN\) denotes the group of monomial matrices in \(\Gamma\) and the groups \(\mathcal{RP}^1_\bullet(k)\) are `refined scissors congruence groups' defined by the author. These latter groups can be understood quite explicitly in low dimensions. The author treats also the case \(\Gamma=\mathrm{GL}_2(k[C])\). Furthermore, he shows how to extend the results in some special cases -- eg \(C=\mathbb{P}^1(k)\setminus\{ 0,\infty\}\) -- to arbitrary infinite fields \(k\). The author also discusses the relationship of his computations, upon taking limits, to the predictions of the Friedlander-Milnor conjecture for \(\mathrm{SL}_2(k(C))\).

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